Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz’de Kıyısal ve Açık sularda Fitoplankton Dinamikleri

Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz’de açık ve nehir etkisinde kalan kıyısal suları temsilen belirlenen iki istasyonda fitoplankton dinamiklerini incelemek amacıyla Mayıs 2010 – Ekim 2011 tarihleri arasında aylık örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Fitoplankton pigment örneklemelerinin yanı sıra sıcaklık ve tuzluluk verileri de toplanmıştır. Fitoplankton biyokütle göstergesi olan klorofil-a ve yedi farklı fitoplankton grubunu (siyanobakteriler, proklorofitler, krizofitler, primnesiyofitler, klorofitler, diatomlar ve dinoflagellatlar) temsil eden belirteç pigmentler Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografi (HPLC) tekniği ile ölçülmüştür. Örnekleme dönemi boyunca yüzey klorofil-a konsantrasyonları kıyı için <0.01 – 6.305 µg/l, açık sular için 0.006 – 1.554 µg/l aralığında ölçülmüştür. Kıyısal sularda diatom (%27) ve siyanobakteriler (%25) baskın iken, açık sularda siyanobakteriler (%35) ve primnesiyofitler (%27) fitoplankton kompozisyonuna daha fazla katkı yapmıştır. Diatomların açık sularda fitoplankton kompozisyonuna yaptığı katkının kış ve bahar aylarında az da olsa varlığını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kıyısal sularda kış mevsiminden sonra siyanobakterilerin fitoplankton kompozisyonuna yaptığı katkıyı arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Ana grupların fitoplankton kompozisyonuna yaptığı katkı kıyaslandığında, prokaryotik pikoplankton’un kıyı ve açık sularda yaz ve güz döneminde baskın olduğu, kış ve bahar dönemlerinde kıyısal sularda baskın olan büyük ökaryotların açık sularda aynı dönemde yerini ökaryotik nanoflagellatlara bıraktığı belirlenmiştir. Nehir girdilerinden etkilenen kıyısal sularda büyük ökaryotların varlığı ve tuzluluk arasında yüksek oranda anlamlı negatif ilişki bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pigment, Klorofil-a, HPLC, Mersin Körfezi

Phytoplankton Dynamics in Coastal and Offshore Waters of the Northeastern Mediterranean

In order to investigate phytoplankton dynamics, an offshore and a nearshore station which is mainly influenced from river inputs were sampled monthly for the period May 2010-October 2011 in the northeastern Mediterranean. In addition to phytoplankton pigment samples CTD casts for temperature and salinity were also made. Chlorophyll a as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass and seven other marker pigments representing different phytoplankton groups (Cyanobacteria, prochlorophytes, chrysophytes, prmnesiophytes, chlorophytes, diatoms, dinoflagellates) were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique. Surface chlorophyll a concentrations varied between <0.01 - 6.30 µg/l and 0.006 – 1.554 µg/l in the shallower coastal and deeper offshore stations, respectively. While the dominant components of the shelf phytoplankton were diatoms (27%) and cyanobacteria (25%), contribution of cyanobacteria (35%) and prymnesiophytes (27%) were more pronounced in the offshore waters. A slight increase in the diatoms’ contribution to phytoplankton composition in offshore waters during winter and spring was observed. Similar increase in cyanobacteria was also observed in shelf waters after winter. When the contribution of major groups to phytoplankton composition is considered, we observe that prokaryotic picoplankton dominates the shelf and offshore waters during summer & autumn, whereas, eukaryotic nanoflagellates replaces large eukaryotes that dominate shelf waters during winter and spring in offshore waters in the mean time. Highly significant negative correlation was observed between large eukaryotes and salinity in the shelf station.

Keywords:

Pigments, Chlorophyll-a, HPLC, Mersin Bay,

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