Abba SALISU, Muhammad AAL ZIBDAH, Tariq Hasan AL NAJJAR

Can Powdered Microencapsulated Whole Egg, Ulva lactuca and Grasshopper Improve Growth Performance and Economic Viability of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fry?

Clarias gariepinus fry requires feed that is rich in protein and essential fatty acid, butprotein-rich feed is quite expensive especially when derived from animal origin. Thepresent study aims to find less expensive feed for fry affordable for C. gariepinusfarmers. About 3600 fries (Weight =1.49±0.03 mg) produced artificially, were stockedin twenty-four plastic containers (measuring 30×35×24cm). The containers weredivided into eight treatments (T0 to T7) in triplicate. Seven different powdered feeds F1to F7 (prepared from Ulva lactuca, Grasshopper and chicken egg) were respectively fedto the fry in the seven treatments T1 to T7 against Artemia Shell free as a control (T0)for two weeks. The results obtained revealed significant differences in terms of growthand economic response among the experimental treatments (P

PDF

___

Adeyeye, E. (2005). Amino acid composition of variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus. Tropical Science, 45(4), 141–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.9
Adeyeye, E. (2011). Fatty acid composition of Zonocerus variegatus, Macrotermes bellicosus and Anacardium occidentale kernel. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2(1), 135-144.
Akbary, P., A, Hosseini S and Imanpoor, M. R. (2011). Enrichment of Artemia naupulii with essential fatty acids and vitamin C: effect on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae performance. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10(4), 557 - 569.
Alegbeleye, W. O., Sam, O. O basa, Olude, O. O., Otubu, K., & Jimoh, W. (2011). Preliminary evaluation of the nutritive value of the variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell. 1822) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 43(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02844.x
APHA/AWWA/WPCF /ic Health.American Association water work Association. Water pollution Control federation). (1995). Standard Method for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington DC, America: Public health association. Association of Official Analytical chemist. (1990). Official Method of Analysis Association of Official Analytical chemist. Arlington, Virginia: Helrich K. Published. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(90)87098-7
Bell, M.V., Henderson, R.J. and Sargent J.R. (1986). The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish. Comp.Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol, 83(4), 711-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(86)90135-5
Blásquez, J.R., Moreno, José, M.P., Camacho, V and Hugo, M. (2012). Could Grasshoppers Be a Nutritive Meal? Food and Nutrition Sciences, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2012.32025
Chow, K.W (1980). Microencapsulated egg diets for fish larvae. In FAO, Fish Technology (pp. 355–361). Fisheries and Aquaculture Departments.
De Graaf, G and Johannas J. (1996). A Handbook on the artificial reproduction and pond rearing of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus in sub-Saharan Africa. Rome: FAO, fisheries technical paper362.
El-Tawil, N. E. (2010). Effects of Green Seaweeds (Ulva sp.) as Feed Supplements in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.) Diet on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization And Body Composition. Journal of the Arabian Aquaculture Society, 5(2), 179-194.
Emre, Y., Ergun, S., Kurtoglu, A., Guroy, B., and Guroy, D. (2013). Effect of Ulva meal on Growth Performance of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) at Different Level of Dietary Lipid. Turkish Jornal of fisheries and aquatic sciences, 13(1), 841 - 846. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v13_5_08
Ergun, S., Soyuturk, M., Guroy, B., and Guroy, D. (2008). Influence of Ulva meal on growth, feed utilization, and body composition of juvenile Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) at two levels of dietary lipid. Aquacult Int. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-008-9207-5
FAO. (2015). Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme: Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822).Retrieved from Fisheries and Aquaculture Department: http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Clarias_ga riepinus/en
Garcı´a-Casal MN., Pereia, AC., Leets, I., Ramirez, J and Quiroga, MF. (2007). High iron content and bioavailability in humans from four species of marine algae. J Nutr, 137, 2691–2695. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.12.2691
Gietma, B. (2003). Fish Farming in Tropical Fresh Water. Wageningen, Netherland: Agromesia.
Hafezeih, M., Kamarudin, M. S., Saad, C. R., Abdsattar, M. K., Agh, N., and Hosseinpour, H. (2009). Effect of Enriched Artemia urmiana on Growth, Survival, and Composition of Larval Persian Sturgeon. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 9, 201 - 207. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2009.0212
Huis, A. v., Itterbeeck, J. V., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., & Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible insect future prospective for food and feed security. Rome: FAO 171.
Ibrahim, M.S.A., Mona, H.A., and Muhammad., A. (2008). Zooplankton as live food for fry and fingerlings of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticies) and catfish Clarias gariepinus in concrete ponds. International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. Abbasa, Shrkia, Egypt.
Ji, H., Om, A., Umino, T., and Nakagawa, A. (2003). Effect of dietary ascorbate fortification on lipolysis activity of Juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagyrus schlegeii. Fisheries Science, 69(1), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2003.00589.x
Kumar V.V and Kaldhran, P. (2007). Amino acids in the seaweeds as an alternate source of protein for animal feed. J. Marine Biology.Ass India, 49(1), 35-40.
Marimuthu K., and Haniffa M.A., Aminurrahman, M. (2009). Spawning performance of native threatened spotted snakehead fish, Channa punctatus Actinopterygii: Channidae: perciformea) induce with ovatides. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat, 39(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3750/AIP2009.39.1.01
Moustafa, Y. T.A., and Saeed, S. M. (2014). Nutritional evaluation of green macroalgae, Ulva sp. and related water nutrients in the Southern Mediterranean Sea coast, Alexandria shore, Egypt. Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. Sci., 5(1), 1 –19 https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsh.2014.16825
Mustafa MG, Nakagawa. H. (1995). A review: dietary benefits of algae as an additive in fish feed. Isr J Aquacult-Bamid, 47, 155-162.
Noori, F., G. A, Takami., M. V, Speybroeck., G. V, Stappen., A .R, Shiri-Harzevili., and P, Sorgeloos(2011). Feeding Acipenser persicus and Huso huso larvae with Artemia urmiana nauplii enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin C: effect on growth, survival and fatty acid profile. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27(2), 781 - 786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01647.x
Ojewola G., Annuli. (2005). Nutritive and Economic value of Danish fish meal, crayfish dust meal and shrimp meal inclusion in broiler diets. Afr J. Biotech, 5(4), 390-394. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.390.394
Ojewola, G.S., and Udom, S.F. (2003). Effect of inclusion of grasshopper meal on performance, Nutrient utilization, and organ of Broiler chicken. J. Sustain. Agri. Environ., 5, 19-25.
Olurin, B. K., and Layeni, M. A. (2014, December Friday). world Aquaculture society. Retrieved from https://www.was.org/meetings/ShowAbstract.aspx?Id= 33513
Ortiz, J., Romero, N., Robert, P., and Araya, J. L . (2006). Dietary fiber, amino acid, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the edible seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Durvillaeaantarctica. Food Chemistry, 99, 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.027
Ovie, S.I, and Ovie, S.O (2002). Fish-larval rearing: the effect of pure/mixed zooplankton and artificial diet on the growth & survival of Clarias anguilaris (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae. Journal of Aquatic Science, 17(1), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.4314/jas.v17i1.19915
Parker, R. (2012). Aquaculture Science. USA: Cengage learning. Rohani-Ghadikolaei, K., Abdulalian, E., and Ng, Wing-Keong. (2012). Evaluation of the proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition of representative green, brown and red seaweeds from the Persian Gulf of Iran as potential food and feed resources. J Food Sci Technol, 49(6), 774- 780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-010-0220-0
Rumsey, G.L (1980). Novel Diets For Aquaculture. In FAO, Fish feed Technology. Washington: Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.
Sani, I., Haruna, M., Abdulhamid, A., Warra, A., Bello, F., & Fakai, I. (2014). Assessment of Nutritional Quality and Mineral Composition of Dried Edible Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper). Research & Reviews: Journal of Food and Dairy Technology.
Uys, W., and Hecht, T. (1985). Evaluation and preparation of an optimal dry feed for the primary nursing of Clarias gariepinus larvae (Pisces: Clariidae). ASWquaculture, 47, 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044- 8486(85)90063-8
Valente, LMP., Gouveia, A., Rema, P., Matos, J., and Gomes, E. P. (2006). Evaluation of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursapastoris, Ulva rigida and Gracilaria cornea as dietary ingredients in European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax juveniles. Aquaculture, 252, 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.052
Wassef, EA., El-Sayed, AFM., Kandeel, .., and Sakr, E.M. (2005). Evaluation of Pterocla dia and Ulva meals as additives to gilthead seabream Sparus aurata diets. Egypt J Aquat Res, 31, 321–332.