Türkiye’nin Erken-Orta Miyosen Equidae (Perissodactyla - Tek Toynaklılar) Bulguları ve Genel Revizyonu

Anchitheriinae kökeni Kuzey Amerika olan günümüzde Equidae’ye ait soyu tükenmiş bir alt familyadır. Bu gruba ait Anchitherium günümüzden yaklaşık 20 milyon sene önce deniz seviyesindeki global düşüşe paralel olarak Kuzey Amerika’dan Bering boğazı boyunca Asya’ya ve oradan Avrupa’ya yayılmıştır. Orta Erken Miyosen’den (MN3) Erken Geç Miyosen’e (MN9) kadar da ilgili coğrafyada yayılım göstermiş olan dönemin en yaygın üç parmaklı atıdır. Özellikle, karakteristik olarak seman içermeyen alçak taçlı (brakyodont) ve lofodont diş yapısına sahip olması ile nemli ve kapalı orman ortamlarına adapte olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Anchitheriinae üyelerinin Anadolu’daki kayıtlarının kronolojik olarak revizyon gerçekleştirilmiştir. Başta Orta Miyosen yaşlı Bursa-Paşalar ve Ankara-Çandır lokalitelerinden olmak üzere mevcut türler ile Muğla-Çatakbağyaka, Muğla-Sarıçay, Çanakkale-Nebisuyu ve Kütahya-Sofça lokalitelerinde bulunan Anchitherium örnekleri öncel çalışmalardaki sistematik tayinleri göz önüne alınarak revize edilerek bu çalışma kapsamında yeniden yorumlanmıştır.

The Revision of Early-Middle Miocene Equidae (Perissodactyla) Records from Turkey

The Anchitheriinae are an extinct subfamily of Equidae, whose origin is North America. The dispersal of Anchitherium from America to Asia through Bering strait is associated with the timing of a global sea-level fall around 20 Ma. It is the most common three-toed horse of the period of Early Miocene (MN3) to the Late Miocene (MN9) in the relevant geography. In particular, it is thought to have adapted to humid and closed forest environments with its low-crowned lophodont teeth without cement. In this study, chronological revision of Anchitheriinae records of Anatolia was carried out. The systematic position of materials from the Middle Miocene localities of Bursa-Paşalar and Ankara-Çandır were explained. Besides, the presence of a new taxon, recorded previously from the localities of Muğla-Çatakbağyaka, Muğla-Sarıçay, Çanakkale-Nebisuyu and Kütahya-Sofça was also discussed.

Keywords:

Anatolia, Middle Miocene, Anchitheriinae Anchitherium,

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