İlk kadın paleontolog: Mary Anning’in hayatı ve paleontolojiye katkıları

Bu makalede İngiltere’de fosil bilimine önemli katkılar yapmış, Mary Anning’in hayatı farklı yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Lyme Regis bölgesinden olan Anning’in paleontoloji alanındaki keşifleri 19. yüzyıldan eski çağlara eşsiz bir bağlantı sağlamıştır. Jeologlar bulunan fosillerini kullanarak daha önce bilinmeyen türleri açıklamış ve böylece bu keşiflerle jeoloji bilimindeki ilerlemeler hız kazanmıştır. Ayrıca Anning’in keşifleri, var olan bir neslin tükenmesi konusunda kritik kanıtlar haline gelmiştir. İngiltere’nin güneyinde bulunan Lyme Regis bölgesinde doğmuş olan Mary Anning’in biyografisi, yaptığı önemli keşifler, yaşadığı bölgenin özellikleri, dönemin önde gelen jeologları ile ilişkileri sırasıyla ele alınmıştır. Bunların yanında, yapılan keşiflere karşı İngiltere’de kilisenin konumu ve muhafazakarların bilimsel ilerlemeler karşısındaki tutumu da incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mary Anning, Lyme Regis, İhtiyozor, Plesiyozor

The first female paleontologist: The life of Mary Anning and her contributions to paleontology

In this article, the life of Mary Anning, who made contributions to fossil science, has been discussed in different ways. Anning’s discoveries in the paleontology science from Lyme Regis have provided a unique link from 19th century to ancient times. The geologists explained the unknown species using her fossils, and the progress in the geological science gained speed using these discoveries. Furthermore, Anning’s discoveries became critical pieces of evidence for extinctions. The biography of Mary Anning who was born in the Lyme region in southern England, her most important discoveries, the Lyme Regis region’s geological characteristics, and her relations with the leading geologist of that term have been summarized, respectively. Also, the position of the church against the discoveries in England has been discussed

Keywords:

Mary Anning, Lyme Regis, Ichthyosaurus, Plesiosaurus,

PDF

___

Ashworth, J. (2022, Ocak 10). Britain’s largest evet ichthyosaur is discovered in Rutland Water. Natural History Museum News. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2022/january/britains-largest-ever-ichthyosaur-is-discovered-rutland-water.html
Begum, T. (2019, Temmuz 4). A series of Mary Anning films are about to hit the cinemas. Natural History Museum News. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2019/july/a-series-of-mary-anning-films-are-about-to-hit-the-cinemas.html
Burek, C. V. (2021). [The fossil woman: A life of Mary Anning, T. Sharpe kitabının incelemesi]. Archives of Natural History, 48(2), 419-420. https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2021.0747
Byrne, P. M. (2009). De la Beche, Henry Thomas. Dictionary of Irish Biography. https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.002464.v1
Charlesworth, E. (1839). On the fossil remains of a species of Hybodus from Lyme Regis. Magazine of Natural History, New Series, 3(9), 242-248. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/61850908
Creese, M. R. S, ve Creese, T. M. (2006). British women who contributed to Research in the geological Science in the nineteen century. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 117(1), 53-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(06)80030-1
Emling, S. (2011). The fossil hunter: dinosaurs, evolution, and the woman whose discoveries changed the world, (2nd edition). Palgrave Macmillan.
Eylott, M. C. (t.y.). Mary Anning: the unsung hero of fossil discovery. Natural History Museum Collections. https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/mary-anning-unsung-hero.html
Ford, A. K. (2019). Resonance in rocks: Building a sustainable learning and engagement program for the Jurassic Coast. Proceedings of the Geologist’s Association, 130(3-4), 507-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.10.003
Gallois, R. W., ve Davis, G. M. (2001). Saving Lyme Regis from the sea: Recent geological investigations at Lyme Regis, Dorset. Proceeding of the Ussher Society Book Series, 10(2), 183-189. https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/16406/
Goodhue, T. W. (2001). The faith of a fossilist: Mary Anning. Anglican and Episcopal Histology, 70(1), 80-100. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42612156
Hampton, M. H. (2014). Storm of words: Science, religion, and evolution in the Civil War era. The University of Alabama Press.
Jurassic Coast Trust (t. y.). What is the Jurassic Coast? https://jurassiccoast.org/what-is-the-jurassic-coast/
Martill, D. M. (2013). Dimorphodon and the Reverend George Howman’s noctivagous flying dragon: the earliest restoration of a pterosaur in its natural habitat. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 125(1), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2013.03.003
Norman, D. B. (1999). Mary Anning and her times: the discovery of British paleontology (1822-1850). Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(11), 420-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01700-0
Rudwick, M. J. S. (1997). Georges Cuvier, fossil bones, and geological catastrophes. The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226731087.001.0001
Taylor, M. A., ve Torrens, H. S. (2014). An anonymous account of Mary Anning (1799–1847), fossil collector of Lyme Regis, England, published in Chambers’s journal in 1857, and its attribution to Frank Buckland (1826–1880), George Roberts (c.1804–1860) and William Buckland (1784–1856). Archives of Natural History, 41(2), 309-325. https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0250
Torrens, H. (1995). Mary Anning (1799-1847) of Lyme; ‘the greatest fossilist the world ever knew’. The British Journal for the History of Science, 28(3), 257-284. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400033161
Turner, S. Burek, C.V. ve Moody, R.T.J. (2010). Forgotten woman in an extinct saurian (man’s) world. Geological Society London Special Publications, 343, 111-153. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP343.7
Vincent, P., Taquet, P., Fischer, V., Bardet, N., Falconnet, J., ve Godefroit, P. (2014). Mary Anning’s legacy to French vertebrate palaeontology. Geological Magazine, 151(1), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756813000861