Öz Research into the Ethnology of Turkey is very greatly needed and yet very littie has been done up to this time. Studies of the socilal structure and customs of the village communities are not only important for the understanding of the Turkish people, but are also necessary to the people who are responsible for the improvement of the rural communities as well as for the personalities, such as, technicians, health officer, agricultural experts and teachers who take part in daily life of the village people in Turkey. For these reasons, I have started to concentrate my interest and efforts on the research into the social structure of Turkish villages. Since 1951 I have carried out my studies especially on two villages in the “Kuzova region of the eastern province of Elazığ, one is “Haf’the other one is “Sün”.