Ahlâkî dünyaların inşasında kültürel değerler: Ahlâk antropolojisi üzerine güncel tartışmalar ve eleştiriler

Kültürel antropoloji, yerel bağlamları ve insan anlatılarını anlama amacı ile ahlâk ve etik araştırmalarına önemli bir ilgi gösterir. Ahlâk alanına ilişkin eylemler ve uygulamalar, yalnızca kültürel antropologların dikkate alması gereken sorular yaratmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda antropolojik araştırmamız için bireysel öznelerin şekillendirildiği sosyal dünyaları da büyük ölçüde inşa eder. Farklı kültürel yerel özelliklerin ahlâkın tezahür ettiği ve deneyimlendiği alanlara yansımasını inceleyen bu makale, ahlâk antropolojisinin güncel tartışmaları ve eleştirilerinin yanı sıra, ahlâk antropolojisi çalışmalarındaki kültürel değerlerin temel işleviyle ilgilenmektedir.

Cultural values in constructing moral worlds: Current debates and critiques on moral anthropology

Cultural anthropology shows a significant interest in the study of morality and ethics with its aim to understand the local contexts and human narratives. Actions and practices pertaining to the domain of morality create not only questions for cultural anthropologists to take into consideration but also immensely construct the social worlds in which the individual subjects for our anthropological inquiry are shaped. Considering how distinct cultural localities result in various ways in which morality is manifested and experienced, this article is concerned with current debates and critiques of moral anthropology as well as the essential function of cultural values within the anthropological study of morality.

Keywords:

Cultural anthropology, moral anthropology cultural values,

PDF

___

Caduff, C. (2011). Anthropology’s ethics. Moral positionalism, cultural relativism, and critical analysis. Anthropological Theory, 11(4), 465-480. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1463499611428921
Das, V. (2010). Engaging the life of the other: Love and everyday life. In M. Lambek (ed.), Ordinary ethics: Anthropology, language, and action (pp. 376-399). Fordham University Press.
Fader, A. (2009). Mitzvah girls: Bringing up the next generation of hasidic Jews in Brooklyn. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400830992
Heim, M., and Monius, A. (2014). Focus on recent work in moral anthropology. Journal of Religious Ethics, 42(3), 385-392. https://doi.org/10.1111/jore.12062
Holbraad, M. (2018). Steps away from moralism. In B. Kapferer and M. Gold (eds.), Moral anthropology: A critique (pp. 27-48). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04hdc.4
Fassin, D. (2008). Beyond good and evil?: Questioning the anthropological discomfort with morals. Anthropological Theory, 8(4). 333–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499608096642
Fassin, D. (2012). Introduction: Toward a critical moral anthropology. in D. Fassin (ed.), A companion to moral anthropology (pp. 1-19). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118290620.ch
Kapferer, B., and Gold, M. (eds). (2018). Moral anthropology. A critique. Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvw04hdc
Kluckhohn, C. (1962). Values and value-orientations in the theory of action: An exploration in definition and classification. In T. Parsons and E. A. Shils (eds.), Toward a general theory of action: Theoretical foundations for the social sciences (pp. 388-433). Harper & Row. (Original work published in 1951).
Laidlaw, J. (2002). For an anthropology of ethics and freedom. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 8(2), 311-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.00110
Lambek, M. (2010). Introduction. In M. Lambek (ed.), Ordinary ethics: Anthropology, language, and action (pp. 1-36). Fordham University Press.
Lambek, M. (2010). Toward an Ethic of the Act. In M. Lambek (ed.), Ordinary ethics: Anthropology, language, and action (pp. 39-63). Fordham University Press.
Robbins, J. (2004). Becoming sinners: Christianity and moral torment in a Papua New Guinea society. University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520937086
Robbins, J. (2007). Between reproduction and freedom: Morality, value, and radical cultural change. Ethnos, 72(3), 293-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840701576919
Robbins, J. (2012). Cultural values. In D. Fassin (ed.), A companion to moral anthropology (pp. 115-132). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118290620.ch7
Robbins, J. (2013). Beyond the suffering subject: Toward an anthropology of the good. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 19(3), 447-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12044
Zigon, J. (2007). Moral breakdown and the ethical demand: A theoretical framework for an anthropology of moralities. Anthropological Theory, 7(2), 131-150. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1463499607077295
Zigon, J. (2014). An ethics of dwelling and a politics of world-building: A critical response to ordinary ethics. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 20(4), 746-764. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12133
Zigon, J., and Throop, C. J. (2014). Moral experience: Introduction. Ethos, 42(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/etho.12035