Ozge CAGLAR, Pınar MUTLU, Arzu MİRİCİ, Sibel OYMAK, Sefa DEREKÖY

The evaluation of nose functions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the nasal and olfactory functions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Material and Methods: This prospective study included patients followed-up with COPD in the pulmonary diseases clinic. Patientswith COPD without any nasal disease or systemic disease were included in the study. After routine ear nose throat examination wasperformed, patients with no nasal pathology had the saccharin test and Sniffin’ Sticks tests applied. The control group consistedof volunteers that were living in the same region. The same tests applied to the control group too and the results were compared.Results: There were no significant differences between patient group and control group in terms of categorical variables such asgender, age, smoking status, living area... It was found that the odor functions of COPD patients were significantly affected whencompared with the control group. Odor test results were significantly lower in the patient group (p: 0.0001). In addition, mucociliaryfunction was decreased in COPD patients.Conclusions: It was found that the smell and mucociliary functions of COPD patients were worse than the individuals of the sameage and this situation had a significant effect on the quality of life of the patients.

PDF

___

1. Litvack JR, Fong K, Mace J, et al. Predictors of olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2008;118:2225–30.
2. Yee KK, Pribitkin EA, Cowart BJ, et al. Neuropathology of the olfactory mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2010;24:110–20.
3. Konstantinidis I, Witt M, Kaidoglou K, Constantinidis J, Gudziol V. Olfactory mucosa in nasal polyposis: implications for FESS outcome. Rhinology 2010; 48:47–53.
4. Thuerauf N, Reulbach U, Lunkenheimer J, et al. Emotional reactivity to odors: olfactory sensitivity and the span of emotional evaluation separate the genders. Neurosci Lett 2009;456:74–9
5. Wrobel BB, Leopold DA. Clinical assessment of patients with smell and taste disorders. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2004;37:1127–42
6. Tekeli H, Altundag A, Salihoglu M, et al.The applicability of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” olfactory test in a Turkish population. Med Sci Monit 2013;19:1221-6
7. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for diagnosis, management and prevention of COPD. Available from: http://www.goldcopd.org/guidelinesglobal- strategy-for-diagnosismanagement. html 2019
8. Bachert C, Vignola AM, Gevaert P, et al. Allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, and asthma: one airwaydisease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004;24:19–43.
9. Hens G, Vanaudenaerde BM, Bullens DM, et al. Sinonasal pathology in nonallergic asthma and COPD: ‘united airway disease’ beyond the scope of allergy. Allergy 2008;63:261-7
10. Kim JS, Rubin BK. Nasal and Sinus Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J COPD 2007:4:163–6
11. McCracken GH, Jr. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections. Am J Managed Care 2001;7:183–91.
12. Roberts NJ, Lloyd-Own SJ, Rapado F, et al. Relationship between chronic nasal and respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD. Respiratory Med 2003;97:909–1004.
13. Hurst JR, Wilkinson TMA, Perera WR, et al. Relationhships among bacteria, upper airway lower airway, and systemic inflammatory in COPD. Chest 2005;127:1219–26.
14. Hurst JR, Wilkinson TMA, Donaldson GC, et al. Up- per airway symptoms and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respiratory Medicine 2004;98:767–70.
15. Dewan NA, Rafique S, Kanwar B, et al. Acute exacerbation of COPD: factors associated with poor treatment outcome. Chest 2000;117:662–71.
16. Bousquet J, Jacot W, Vignola AM, et al. Allergic rhinitis: a disease remodeling the upper airways? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;113:43–9.
17. Steinsvag SK, Skadberg B, Bredesen K. Nasal symptoms and signs in children suffering from asthma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007;71:615–21.
18. Balzano G, Stefanelli F, Iorio C, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation in stable chronic obstruc- tive pulmonary disease. Relationship with neutrophils and airway function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1486–92.
19. Henke MO, Shah SA, Rubin BK. The role of airway secretions in COPD—Clinical applications. J COPD 2005; 3:377–90.
20. Nihlen U, Andersson M, Lofdahl CG, et al. Nasal neutrophil activity and mucinous secre- tory responsiveness in COPD. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2003;23:38–42.
21. Jung-Soo Kim JS, Bruce K. Rubin BK. Nasal and sinus involvement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current Opinion Pulmon Med 2008;14:101–4.