Severe head trauma in children: Analysis of 68 cases in light of current guidelines

Severe head trauma in children: Analysis of 68 cases in light of current guidelines

Aim: To assess the characteristics of severe head trauma in the pediatric age group and to analyze its results under the currentguideline.Material and Methods: Eighty pediatric patients (

___

  • 1. Thomale UW, Graetz D, Vajkoczy, P, et al. Severe traumatic brain injury in children—A single center experience regarding therapy and long-term outcome. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;26:1563-73.
  • 2. Araki T, Yokota H, Morita A. Pediatric traumatic brain injury: Characteristic features, diagnosis, and management. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017;57:82- 93.
  • 3. Chaitanya K, Addanki A, Karambelkar R, et al. Traumatic brain injury in Indian children. Childs Nerv Syst 2018;34:1119-23.
  • 4. Griffiths H, Goyal MS, Pineda JA. Brain metabolism and severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. Childs Nerv Syst 2017;33:1719-26.
  • 5. Gurbuz MS, Duyu M. Evaluation of common experience of neurosurgery and pediatric intensive care unit on pediatric head trauma under the light of current literature: Analysis of 96 cases. Haydarpasa Numune Med J 2019;59:272-80.
  • 6. Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Carney N, et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury, third edition: update of the brain trauma foundation guidelines. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019;20:1-82.
  • 7. Tilford JM, Aitken ME, Anand KJ, et al. Hospitalizations for critically ill children with traumatic brain injuries: A longitudinal analysis. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2074-81.
  • 8. Stocchetti N, Conte V, Ghisoni L, et al. Traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients. Minerva Anestesiol 2010; 76:1052-9.
  • 9. Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, et al. The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography. J Neurotrauma 1992;9:287-92.
  • 10. Liesemer K, Riva-Cambrin J, Bennett KS, et al. Use of Rotterdam CT scores for mortality risk stratification in children with traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2014;15:554-62.
  • 11. Raj R, Siironen J, Skrifvars MB, et al. Predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury: development of a novel computerized tomography classification system (Helsinki computerized tomography score). Neurosurgery 2014;75:632-46.
  • 12. Bruce DA, Alavi A, Bilaniuk L, et al. Diffuse cerebral swelling following head injuries in children: The syndrome of “malignant brain edema.” J Neurosurg 1981;54:170-8.
  • 13. Muizelaar JP, Marmarou A, DeSalles AA, et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in severely head-injured children. Part 1: Relationship with GCS score, outcome, ICP, and PVI. J Neurosurg 1989;71:63-71.
  • 14. Sharples PM, Stuart AG, Matthews DS, et al. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in children with severe head injury. Part 1: Relation to age, Glasgow Coma Score, outcome, intracranial pressure, and time after injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:145- 52.
  • 15. Jagannathan J, Okonkwo DO, Yeoh HK, et al. Longterm outcomes and prognostic factors in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury and elevated intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2008;2:240-9.
  • 16. Bennett TD, Statler KD, Korgenski EK, et al. Osmolar therapy in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2012;40:208-15.
  • 17. Gonda DD, Meltzer HS, Crawford JR, et al. Complications associated with prolonged hypertonic saline therapy in children with elevated intracranial pressure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2013;14:610-20.
  • 18. Peterson B, Khanna S, Fisher B, et al. Prolonged hypernatremia controls elevated intracranial pressure in head injured pediatric patients. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:1136-43.
  • 19. Carney, N.; Totten, A.M.; O’Reilly, C.; et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, fourth edition. Neurosurgery 2017, 80, 6–15.
  • 20. Welch TP, Wallendorf MJ, Kharasch ED, et al. Fentanyl and midazolam are ineffective in reducing episodic intracranial hypertension in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 2016;44:809-18.
  • 21. Herman ST, Abend NS, Bleck TP, et al. Critical Care Continuous EEG Task Force of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society: Consensus statement on continuous EEG in critically ill adults and children, part I: Indications. J Clin Neurophysiol 2015;32:87-95.
  • 22. Lewis RJ, Yee L, Inkelis SH, et al. Clinical predictors of posttraumatic seizures in children with head trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1993;22:1114-18.
  • 23. Chung MG, O’Brien NF. Prevalence of early posttraumatic seizures in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury despite levetiracetam prophylaxis. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2016;17:150-6.
  • 24. Adelson PD, Srinivas R, Chang Y, et al. Cerebrovascular response in children following severe traumatic brain injury. Childs Nerv Syst 2011;27:1465-76.
  • 25. Tasker RC, Vonberg FW, Ulano ED, et al. Updating evidence for using hypothermia in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: Conventional and Bayesian meta-analytic perspectives. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017;18:355-62.
  • 26. Sakurai A, Atkins CM, Alonso OF, et al. Mild hyperthermia worsens the neuropathological damage associated with mild traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 2012;29:313-21.
  • 27. Natale JE, Joseph JG, Helfaer MA, et al. Early hyperthermia after traumatic brain injury in children: Risk factors, influence on length of stay, and effect on short-term neurologic status. Crit Care Med 2000;28:2608-15.
  • 28. Chen HI, Malhotra NR, Oddo M, et al. Barbiturate infusion for intractable intracranial hypertension and its effect on brain oxygenation. Neurosurgery 2008;63:880-6.
  • 29. Taha AA, Badr L, Westlake C, et al. Effect of early nutritional support on intensive care unit length of stay and neurological status at dis-charge in children with severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Nurs 2011;43:291-7.
  • 30. Briassoulis G, Filippou O, Kanariou M, et al. Temporal nutritional and inflammatory changes in children with severe head injury fed a regular or an immuneenhancing diet: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006;7:56-62.
  • 31. Fanconi S, Klöti J, Meuli M, et al. Dexamethasone therapy and endogenous cortisol production in severe pediatric head injury. Intensive Care Med 1988;14:163- 6.
  • 32. Edwards P, Arango M, Balica L, et al. CRASH trial collaborators: Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury-outcomes at 6 months. Lancet 2005;365:1957-9.
  • 33. Honeybul S, Ho KM, Gillett GR. Long-term outcome following decompressive craniectomy: An inconvenient truth? Curr Opin Crit Care 2018;24:97- 104.
  • 34. Yue JK, Rick JW, Deng H, et al. Efficacy of decompressive craniectomy in the management of intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg Sci 2019;63:425-40.
  • 35. Mhanna MJ, Mallah WE, Verrees M, et al. Outcome of children with severe traumatic brain injury who are treated with decompressive craniectomy. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2015;16:1-7.
  • 36. Josan VA, Sgouros S. Early decompressive craniectomy may be effective in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury. Childs Nerv Syst 2006;22:1268-74.
  • 37. Rubiano AM, Villarreal W, Hakim EJ, et al. Early decompressive craniectomy for neurotrauma: An institutional experience. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2009;15:28-38.
  • 38. Taylor A, Butt W, Rosenfeld J, et al. A randomized trial of very early decompressive craniectomy in children with traumatic brain injury and sustained intracranial hypertension. Childs Nerv Syst 2001;17:154-62.
  • 39. Shapiro K, Marmarou A. Clinical applications of the pressure-volume index in treatment of pediatric head injuries. J Neurosurg 1982;56:819-25.
  • 40. Jagannathan J, Okonkwo DO, Dumont AS, et al Outcome following decompressive craniectomy in children with severe traumatic brain injury: A 10-year single-center experience with long-term follow up. J Neurosurg 2007;106:268-75.
  • 41. Oliphant TE. Python for scientific computing. Computing in Science and Engineering 2007;9:10-20.
Annals of Medical Research-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Aylık
  • Yayıncı: İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Short-segment pedicle screw-based semi-rigid stabilization with poly (etheretherketone) rods for treatment of degenerative lumbar scoliosis in elderly patients

Göktuğ AKYOLDAŞ

Effect of job satisfaction level of nurses on their ethical sensitivity

Esra ANUŞ TOPDEMİR, Seyhan ÇİTLİK SARITAŞ, Zeliha BÜYÜKBAYRAM

Clinical features associated with convulsive status epilepticus in patients with epilepsy

Aslı Ece ÇİLLİLER, Bülent GÜVEN

Clinical trial to evaluate the outcome of canal wall up and canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy

Işıl ÇAKMAK KARAER, Nuray ENSARİ

Predictors of postoperative prolonged mechanical ventilation after left ventricular assist device surgery

Helin ŞAHİNTÜRK, Funda ATAR, Aycan ÖZDEMİRKAN, Atilla SEZGİN, Pınar ZEYNELOĞLU, Arash PİRAT

Evaluation of specific heavy metal levels of pregnant women complicated by neural tube defects

Mehmet BÜLBÜL, Talip KARACOR, Pınar KIRICI, Mehmet Can NACAR, Muhittin ÖNDERCİ, Nurullah PEKER

Foreign body aspiration in children

Muharrem ÇAKMAK, Evrim GÜL, Yeliz GÜL, Mehtap GÜRGER, Metin ATEŞÇELİK, Mehmet Yusuf SARI

Relationship between T regulatory cell levels (CD4 + CD25 + CD127- T cells) and the presence of autoantibodies in adult patients with selective IgA deficiency

Gökhan AYTEKİN, Eray YILDIZ, Osman YAŞKIRAN, Esra YAŞKIRAN, Şeyma ÇELİKBİLEK ÇELİK, Fatih ÇÖLKESEN, Sevgi KELEŞ, Recep TUNÇ

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in women admitted to an education and research hospital in eastern anatolia after the syrian crisis

Esra ERDOĞAN, Mehmet Mustafa ERDOĞAN, Mehmet Murat ALTINDAĞ

Botulinum toxin applications at doses appropriate for aesthetic procedures: Effect on tension type headache

Aybala Neslihan ALAGÖZ, Can İlker DEMİR