Ayşe DÜNDAR, Çağatay BARUTCUGİL, Öznur GÜÇLÜER, Sevde Gül BATMAZ, Kardelen YILDIRIM

Long-term monomer elution from bulk-fill composite resins

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term elution of unreacted monomers from bulk-fill composite resins. Material and Methods: Four different restorative bulk-fill composite resins (Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE; X-tra fil, VOCO; SonicFill, Kerr; and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) were used. A total of 15 samples per group (5 x 5 x 4 mm) were polymerized with light as a single layer (4 mm). Then the samples were put into 75/25% ethanol/water mixture. Evaluation of monomer release was performed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography device. This process was repeated after one hour, 24 hours, and 3 months. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the differences in monomer release between groups, while the Tukey HSD test was used for multiple comparisons. The paired sample t-test was used to determine the time-dependent changes of the same material. (P < .05).Results: Monomer release was observed in all groups. At the end of 3 months, a statistically significant increase was observed in the amount of almost all monomers released from bulk-fill composites (P

PDF

___

1. Demirci M, Tuncer S, Yuceokur AA. Prevalence of caries on individual tooth surfaces and its distribution by age and gender in university clinic patients. Eur J Dent 2010;4:270-9.
2. Spahl W, Budzikiewicz H, Geurtsen W. Determination of leachable components from four commercial dental composites by gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Dent 1998;26:137-45.
3. Ortengren U, Wellendorf H, Karlsson S, et al. Water sorption and solubility of dental composites and identification of monomers released in an aqueous environment. J Oral Rehabil 2001;28:106-15.
4. Zhu S, Platt J. Curing efficiency of three different curing modes at different distances for four composites. Oper Dent 2011;36:362-71.
5. Ferracane JL. Elution of leachable components from composites. J Oral Rehabil 1994;21:441-52.
6. Ferracane JL. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dent Mater 2006;22:211-22.
7. Tadin A, Marovic D, Galic N, et al. Composite-induced toxicity in human gingival and pulp fibroblast cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2014;72:304-11.
8. Schweikl H, Schmalz G. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate induces large deletions in the hprt gene of V79 cells. Mutat Res. 1999;438:71-8.
9. Visalli G, Baluce B, La Maestra S, et al. Genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa cells of subjects carrying restorative dental fillings. Arch Toxicol 2013:87:179- 87.
10. Darmani H, Al-Hiyasat AS. The effects of BIS-GMA and TEG-DMA on female mouse fertility. Dent Mater 2006;22:353-8.
11. Teti G, Mazzotti G, Zago M, et al. HEMA downregulates procollagen alpha1 type I in human gingival fibroblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009;90:256-62.
12. Blomgren J, Axell T, Sandahl O, et al. Adverse reactions in the oral mucosa associated with anterior composite restorations. J Oral Pathol Med 1996;25:311-3.
13. Lai YL, Chen YT, Lee SY, et al. Cytotoxic effects of dental resin liquids on primary gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells in vitro. J Oral Rehabil 2004;31:1165-72.
14. Cebe MA, Cebe F, Cengiz MF, et al. Elution of monomer from different bulk fill dental composite resins. Dent Mater 2015;31:141-9.
15. Alshali RZ, Salim NA, Sung R, et al. Analysis of longterm monomer elution from bulk-fill and conventional resin-composites using high performance liquid chromatography. Dent Mater 2015;31:1587-98.
16. Mazzaoui SA, Burrow MF, Tyas MJ, et al. Long-term quantification of the release of monomers from dental resin composites and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. J Biomed Mater Res 2002;63:299-305.
17. Polydorou O, Konig A, Hellwig E, et al. Long-term release of monomers from modern dental-composite materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2009;117:68-75.
18. Durner J, Schrickel K, Watts DC, et al. Determination of homologous distributions of bisEMA dimethacrylates in bulk-fill resin-composites by GC-MS. Dent Mater 2015;31:473-80.
19. Sideridou ID, Achilias DS. Elution study of unreacted Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and Bis-EMA from lightcured dental resins and resin composites using HPLC. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2005;74:617-26.
20. Michelsen VB, Lygre H, Skalevik R, et al. Identification of organic eluates from four polymer-based dental filling materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2003;111:263-71.
21. Durner J, Spahl W, Zaspel J, et al. Eluted substances from unpolymerized and polymerized dental restorative materials and their Nernst partition coefficient. Dent Mater 2010;26:91-9.
22. Geurtsen W, Spahl W, Leyhausen G. Variability of cytotoxicity and leaching of substances from four light-curing pit and fissure sealants. J Biomed Mater Res 1999;44:73-7.
23. Altintas SH, Usumez A. Evaluation of TEGDMA leaching from four resin cements by HPLC. Eur J Dent 2012;6:255-62.
24. Manojlovic D, Radisic M, Vasiljevic T, et al. Monomer elution from nanohybrid and ormocer-based composites cured with different light sources. Dent Mater 2011;27:371-8.
25. Moharamzadeh K, Van Noort R, Brook IM, et al. HPLC analysis of components released from dental composites with different resin compositions using different extraction media. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007;18:133-7.
26. Eliades T, Eliades G, Brantley WA, et al. Residual monomer leaching from chemically cured and visible light-cured orthodontic adhesives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108:316-21.
27. Manhart J, Kunzelmann KH, Chen HY, et al. Mechanical properties of new composite restorative materials. J Biomed Mater Res 2000;53:353-61.
28. Polydorou O, Trittler R, Hellwig E, et al. Elution of monomers from two conventional dental composite materials. Dent Mater 2007;23:1535-341.
29. Komurcuoglu E, Olmez S, Vural N. Evaluation of residual monomer elimination methods in three different fissure sealants in vitro. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32:116-21.
30. Aravamudhan K, Rakowski D, Fan PL. Variation of depth of cure and intensity with distance using LED curing lights. Dent Mater 2006;22: 988-994.
31. Barutcigil K, Dündar A, Batmaz SG, et al. Do resin-based composite CAD/CAM blocks release monomers? Clin Oral Investig. 2020 Jun 3. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020- 03377-3. Online ahead of print.
32. Pongprueksa P, De Munck J, Duca RC, et al. Monomer elution in relation to degree of conversion for different types of composite. J Dent 2015;43:1448-55.
33. Goldberg M. In vitro and in vivo studies on the toxicity of dental resin components: a review. Clin Oral Investig 2008;12:1-8.
34. Geurtsen W. Biocompatibility of resin-modified filling materials. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2000;11:333-55.
35. Geurtsen W. Substances released from dental resin composites and glass ionomer cements. Eur J Oral Sci 1998;106:687-95.
36. Geurtsen W, Lehmann F, Spahl W, et al. Cytotoxicity of 35 dental resin composite monomers/additives in permanent 3T3 and three human primary fibroblast cultures. J Biomed Mater Res 1998;41:474-80.
37. Sideridou I, Tserki V, Papanastasiou G. Effect of chemical structure on degree of conversion in light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins. Biomaterials 2002;23:1819-29.