Developmental assessment of children with Down syndrome
Developmental assessment of children with Down syndrome
Aim: Morbidity and mortality of children with Down syndrome (DS) have decreased and their quality of life has increased with modernmedicine. The purpose of this study is to assess the developmental characteristics and activities of children with DS and also theirparticipation to life, the environmental factors, the services they receive and their health and sociodemographic characteristics byusing Expanded Guide for Monitoring Child Development (E-GMCD)Material and Methods: Children diagnosed with DS who were admitted to hospital were assessed with E-GMCD. Health informationand the family’s sociodemographic features were supplied from families and hospital files.Results: The study included a total of 100 children diagnosed with DS, 41 girls and 59 boys, who were between 2-59 months ofage. The mothers of the 63 children stated that they were concerned about their children’s learning, motor skills, communication,relationships with others, and senses (sense of hearing and seeing). Of the 57 (81%) children were found to have delay in expressivelanguage and were older than 1 year old (p0.05). A majority of children who received specialized education and physiotherapywere between ages of 2 and 4.Conclusion: Children with DS should be monitored regularly beginning from the day they are born. These children should get earlyeducation to speed up their cognitive development. Family centered early support programs should start as early as possible.
___
- 1. Parker SE, Mai CT, Canfield MA, et al. Updated National Birth
Prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United
States, 2004–2006. Birth Defects Res. A Clin Mol Teratol
2010;88:1008-16.
- 2. Aleksander M, Petri H, Ding Y, et al. Morbidity and medication
in a large population of individuals with Down syndrome
compared to the general population. Dev Med Child Neurol
2016;58:246-54.
- 3. Clinical practice guideline report of the recommendations
down syndrome assessment and intervention for young
children (Age 0-3 Years). https://www.health.ny.gov/
community/infants_children/early_intervention/docs/
guidelines_down_syndrome_assessment_and_intervention.
pdf access date 08.10.2018
- 4. Maatta T, Maatta J, Tervo-maatta T, et al. Healthcare and
guidelines: A population-based survey of recorded medical
problems and health surveillance for people with Down
syndrome, J Intellect Dev Disabil 2011;36:118-26.
- 5. Lee AM. Using the ICF-CY to organise characteristics of
children’s functioning. Disabil. Rehabil 2011;33:605-16.
- 6. World Health Organisation: International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland:
WHO, 2001.
- 7. World Health Organisation: International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health - Children and Youth
version (ICF-CY). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2007.
- 8. Galip N. Adaptation of the guide for monitoring child
development to the world health organisation international
classification of functioning, disability and health-child and
youth version and validity in chronically ill children. MD.
Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, 2010.
- 9. Ertem IO, Dogan DG, Gok CG, et al. A guide for monitoring
child development in low- and middle-income countries.
Pediatrics 2008;121:581-9.
- 10. Kumin L. Speech intelligibility and childhood verbal apraxia
in children with Down Syndrome. Down Syndr. Res. Pract
2006;10:10-22.
- 11. Lewis E, Kritzinger A. Parental experiences of feeding
problems in their infants with Down Syndrome. Down Syndr.
Res. Pract 2004;9:45-52.
- 12. Visootsak J, Mahle WT, Kırshbom PM, et al.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with Down
syndrome and congenital heart defects. Am J Med Genet A
2011;155A:2688-91.
- 13. Palisano RJ, Walter SD, Russel DJ, et al. Gross motor
function of children with down syndrome: creation of motor
growth curves. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:494-500.
- 14. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Dynamics of postural
control in the child with Down syndrome. Phys Ther 1985;
65:1315-22.
- 15. Spano M, Mercuri E, Rando T, et al. Motor and perceptualmotor
competence in children with Down Syndrome:
variation in performance with age. Eur J Paediatr Neurol
1999;3:7-13.
- 16. Cardoso AC, Campos AC, Santos MM, et al. Motor
performance of children with Down syndrome and typical
development at 2 to 4 and 26 months. Pediatr Phys Ther.
2015;27:135-41.
- 17. Tudella E, Pereika K, Basso RP, et al. Description of the
motor development of 3-12 month old infants with Down
syndrome: the influence of the postural body position. Res
Dev Disabil 2011;32:1514-20.
- 18. Lafferty ME. A stair-walking intervention strategy for children
with Down’s Syndrome. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther 2005;9:65-74.
- 19. Karaman A. Medical problems in children with Down
syndrome in the Erzurum area of Turkey.Genet. Couns
2010;21:385-95.
- 20. Edgin JO, Tooley U, Demara B, et al. Sleep Disturbance
and Expressive Language Development in Preschool-Age
Children With Down Syndrome. Child Dev 2015;86:1984-98.
- 21. Bassell JL, Phan H, Leu R, et al. Sleep profiles in children with
Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2015;167A:1830-5.
- 22. Hickey F, Hickey E, Summar KL. Medical update for children
with Down syndrome for the pediatrician and family
practitioner. Adv Pediatr 2012;59:137-57.
- 23. Mcdowell KM, Craven DI. Pulmonary complications of Down
syndrome during childhood. J. Pediatr 2011;158:319-25.
- 24. Van Trotsenburg AS, Heymans HS, Tijssen JG, et al.
Comorbidity, hospitalization, and medication use and their
influence on mental and motor development of young
infants with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 2006;118:1633-9.
- 25. Jung HK, Chung E, Lee BH. A comparison of the function,
activity and participation and quality of life between down
syndrome children and typically developing children. J Phys
Ther Sci 2017;29:1377-80.
- 26. MacDonald M, Leichtman J, Esposito P, et al. The
participation patterns of youth with down syndrome. Front
Public Health 2016;11:253.
- 27. Davis AS. Children with Down syndrome: implications
for assessment and intervention in the school. School
Psychology Quarterly 2008;23:271-81.
- 28. Fidler DJ, Nadel L. Education and children with Down
syndrome: neuroscience, development, and intervention.
Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities
Research Reviews 2007;13:262-71.
- 29. Mahoney G, Perales F, Wıggers B, et al. Responsive teaching:
early intervention for children with Down Syndrome and
other disabilities. Down Syndr. Res. Pract 2006;11:18-28.
- 30. Cohen WI, Patterson B. Health care guidelines for individuals
with Down Syndrome: 1999 revision (Down Syndrome
preventive medical checklist). Down Syndrome Quarterly,
1999;4:1-29.
- 31. Bull MJ. Committee on Genetics: Health supervision for
children with Down syndrome. Pediatrics 2011;128:393-
406.