Bacterial colonization of Intrauterine Device samples from patients without a history of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Bacterial colonization of Intrauterine Device samples from patients without a history of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
AbstractAim: In this research, we aim to evaluate microbiological colonization of intrauterine devices (IUDs) in patients without the diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) whether it has relationship with the duration of IUD usage.Material and Methods: Our study included patients at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic of second degree state hospital between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2016, who requested the removal of an IUD. A total of 176 patients were recruited for our study. Age, parity, and duration of IUD use were recorded for all patients, who sought treatment at the outpatient clinic. None of the patients had a clinical or laboratory finding of PID. IUD samples, which were collected in the sterile containers, were sent to the microbiology laboratory.Results: The mean age of the patients recruited in our study was 34.5 years. 36 IUD cultures (20.4%) were positive. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups of patients with microorganisms cultured and those with none of the microorganisms cultured; in terms of age, parity, and duration of IUD use.Conclusion: In this study, aerobic bacterial growth occurred in 36 patients, 20.4% of the cultures of the IUDs. In addition, our study adds data to the literature, with the statistical analysis of the groups comparing age, parity, and the duration of IUD use with positive and negative cultures of microorganisms in the IUD samples, as was not done in previous studies.
___
- 1. The Manual of Paragard. (Accessed March 21, 2019, at https://www.paragard.com/about-paragard.aspx).
- 2. The TCu380A Intrauterine Contraceptive Device: Specification, Prequalification and Guidelines for Procurement, 2010, https://www.unfpa. org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/IUDbook_ finalwlinks_042911.pdf.
- 3. Curtis KM, Jeffrey FP. Long-acting reversible contraception. New England J Med 2017;376:461-8.
- 4. Curtis KM, Jatlaoui TC, Tepper NK, et al. U.S. selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65:1-66.
- 5. Phillips SJ, Hofler LG, Modest AM, et al. Continuation of copper and levonorgestrel intrauterine devices: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:57-e1.
- 6. Abraham M, Zhao Q, Peipert JF. Young age, nulliparity, and continuation of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods. Obstet Gynecol 2015;126:823-9.
- 7. Richter R. Ein Mittel zur Verhueturng der Konzeption. Deutsch. Med Wschr 1909;35:1525-7.
- 8. Pektaş MK, Güngör T, Şahin Y. The effects of tcu380 on cervicovaginal flora. Gynecology Obstetrics & Reproductive Med 2007;13:164-7.
- 9. Avonts D, Sercu M, Heyerick P, et al. Incidence of uncomplicated genital infections in women using oral contraception or an intrauterine device: a prospective study. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1990;17:23-9.
- 10. Tessa M, Courtney AS, Kristen E. Intrauterine contraception: Background and device types. UpToDate2018 https://www.uptodate.com/ contents/intrauterine-contraception-backgroundand-device-types?search=IUD&source=search_ result&selectedTitle=1~150&us.
- 11. ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Intrauterine devices and intrauterine systems. Human Reproduction Update 2008;14:197-208.
- 12. Walsh T, Grimes D, Frezieres R, et al. IUD Study Group. Randomised controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics before insertion of intrauterine devices. The Lancet 1998;351:1005-8.
- 13. Grimes DA, Schulz KF. Antibiotic prophylaxis for intrauterine contraceptive device insertion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;1:CD001327.
- 14. Işık H, Şahbaz A, Timur H, ve ark. Pelvik inflamatuar hastalık harici sebeplerle çıkartılan rahim içi araçlarda mikrobiyal kolonizasyon durumu. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 2015;12:206-8.
- 15. Harma M I, Harma M, Ulukanlıgil M, ve ark. Enfeksiyon dışı sebeplerle çıkartılan rahim içi araçlarda bakteri kolonizasyonunun i̇ncelenmesi. Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Dergisi 1999;13:176-80.