Nevzat SAAT, Halef DOĞAN, İbrahim ŞEKER, Ali RİŞVANLI

Relationship between pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins and CMT scores in Simmental cows

Bu araştırmada laktasyondaki ineklerde süt veninin pulsed wave doppler ultrasonografi özelliklerinin meme sağlığı ve California Mastitis Test (CMT) sonuçlarına göre dağılımı ve bu dağılıma etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada klinik açıdan sağlıklı, Simmental ırkı, 3-5 yaşlı ve postpartum 12 hafta içinde olan inekler kullanıldı. Süt veninin doppler özellikleri olarak End Diastolic Velocities (EDV, Diyastol Sonu Kan Akım Hızı), Systolic Peak Velocity (SPV, En Yüksek Sistolik Kan Akım Hızı) ve Time-Averaged Maximum Velocity (TAMV, Zaman Ortalamalı Maksimum Kan Akım Hızı) ölçüldü. Kan akış parametrelerine bağlı kalarak Pulsatil İndeks (PI) ve Rezistans İndeks (RI) skalası çıkarılarak numerik bir ölçeklendirme yapıldı. Hayvanlar CMT sonuçlarına göre CMT pozitif (n=21) ve CMT negatif (n=5) olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Buna göre PI, RI, EDV ve SPV açısından gruplar arasında fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Ancak TAMV CMT pozitif (7,52 ±0,85 cm/s) hayvanlarda CMT negatif (13,90 ±3,56cm/s) hayvanlara nazaran daha düşük bulundu (p=0.021)

Simental ırkı ineklerde süt veninin pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonografik özellikleri ile CMT skorunun ilişkisi

This study aimed to determine the distribution of pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonographic features of milk veins in lactating cows corresponding to udder health and the results of California Mastitis Test (CMT). Clinically healthy Simmental cows aged 3-5 years within the first 12 weeks of postpartum period were used for the study. End Diastolic Velocities (EDV), Systolic Peak Velocity (SPV), and Time-Averaged Maximum Velocity (TAMV) were the measured Doppler features of the milk veins. Numerical scales for Pulsatile Index (PI) and Resistant Index (RI) were devised in accordance with blood flow parameters. The animals were allocated to two groups according to CMT results as CMT positive (n=21) and CMT negative (n=5). No differences were found between the group regarding to PI, RI, EDV, or SPV (p>0.05). However, TAMV was found to be lower in CMT-positive animals (7.52 ± 0.85 cm/sec) compared to CMT-negative (13.90 ± 3.56 cm/sec) animals (p=0.021)

PDF

___

1. Berger H, Lietzau M, Tichy A, et al. (2016): Investigations of mammary and uterine blood flow in relation to milk yield, postpartum disease and pregnancy result in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 86, 1906-1912.
2. Braun U, Forster E, Bleul U, et al. (2013): B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the milk vein and musculophrenic vein in eight cows during lactation. Res Vet Sci, 94, 138-143.
3. Braun U, Forster E (2012): B-mode and colour-Doppler sonographic examination of the milk vein and musculophrenic vein in dry cows and cows with a milk yield of 10 and 20 kg. Acta Vet Scand, 54, 15.
4. Braun U, Hoegger R, Haessig M (2009): Colour-Doppler sonography of the musculophrenic vein in cows. Vet J, 179, 451-454.
5. Braun U, Hoegger R (2008): B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the milk vein in 29 healthy Swiss braunvieh cows. Vet Rec, 163, 47-49.
6. Christensen K, Nielsen MO, Bauer R, et al. (1989) Evaluation of mammary blood flow measurements in lactating goats using the ultrasound Doppler principle. Comp Biochem Phys A, 92, 385-392.
7. Delamaire E, Guinard-Flament J (2006): Increasing milking intervals decreases the mammary blood flow and mammary uptake of nutrients in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 89, 3439-3446.
8. Deng MP, Badri TM, Atta M, et al (2012): Relationship between udder dimensions and milk yield of Kenana × Friesian crossbred cows. Res Opin Anim Vet Sci, 2, 49-54.
9. Erdogan G, Cetin H, Ceylan A, et al. (2016): Comparison of foetal growth in singleton 1 and twin pregnancies by Bmode and Doppler ultrasonography in Karya ewes. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 40, 616-621.
10. Götze A, Honnens A, Flachowsky G, et al. (2010): Variability of mammary blood flow in lactating HolsteinFriesian cows during the first twelve weeks of lactation. J Dairy Sci, 93, 38-44.
11. Gračner D, Gilligan G, Garvey N, et al. (2015): Correlation between the milk vein internal diameter surface and milk yield in Simmental cows. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 39, 741-744.
12. Lough DS, Beede DL, Wilcox CJ (1990): Effects of feed intake and thermal stress on mammary blood flow and other physiological measurements in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 73, 325-332.
13. Piccione G, Arcigli A, Fazio F, et al. (2004): Pulsed waveDoppler ultrasonographic evaluation of mammary blood flow speed in cows during different productive periods. Acta Sci Vet, 32, 171-175.
14. Potapow A, Schmauder S, Petzl W, et al. (2010): Investigation of mammary blood flow changes by transrectal colour Doppler sonography in an Escherichia coli mastitis model. J Dairy Res, 77, 205-212.
15. Potapow A, Schmauder S, Petzl W, et al. (2008): Detection of mammary blood flow changes by transrectal colour-Doppler sonography in an E. coli mastitis model. Reprod Domest Anim, 43, 25.
16. Risvanli A, Kalkan C (2002): The effect of age and breed on somatic cell count and microbiological isolation rates in milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. J Fac Vet Med Yuzuncuyil, 13, 84-87.
17. Rizzo A, Mutinati M, Minoia G, et al. (2012): The impact of oxytocin on the hemodynamic features of the milk vein in dairy cows: A color Doppler investigation. Res Vet Sci, 93, 983-988.
18. Santos VJC, Simplício KMMG, Sanchez DCC, et al. (2015): B-Mode and Doppler sonography of the mammary glands in dairy goats for mastitis diagnosis. Reprod Domest Anim, 50, 251-255.
19. Santos VJC, Simplício KMMG, Sanchez DCC, et al. (2014): Conventional and Doppler ultrasonography on a goat with gangrenous mastitis. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 66, 1931-1935.
20. Schallm OW, Carroll EJ, Jain NC (1971): Bovine Mastitis. Lea-Febiger, London.
21. Seker I, Risvanli A, Yuksel M, et al. (2009): The relationship between CMT scores and ultrasonographic teat measurements in dairy cows. Aust Vet J, 87, 480-483.
22. Svennersten-Sjaunja K, Olsson K (2005): Endocrinology of milk production. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 29, 241-258.