Aeginalı Paulus'un Epitome Adlı Eserinde Hamile Bakımı ve Pediyatri Üzerine

Amaç: Bu yazıda Aeginalı Paulus'un Epitome adlı eserinin birinci kitabında yer alan gebelikten baslayarak annenin, bebeğin sağlığının korunması ve bebeklikte görülen hastalıklarla ilgili bölümler incelenmistir. İlgili metinlerin Türkçeye çevrilerek okuyucuya sunulması, Türkçe Tıp Tarihi alan yazınına kazandırılması, tıp tarihindeki yerinin literatür ısığında değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıstır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalısmada Epitome adlı eserin, Francis Adams'ın 1844 yılında The Sydenham Society için Yunancadan çevirdiği ve yorumlarla hazırladığı The Seven Books of Paulus Aeginata adlı baskısından yararlanılmıstır. Eserin birinci kitabında yer alan hamile bakımı ve pediatri ile ilgili bölümler İngilizceden Türkçeye çevrilmistir. Bulgular: Gebe ve bebek sağlığını korumaya yönelik bilgilerle baslayan, süt annelik ve çocukların hastalıklarına değinen on dört baslık saptanmıstır. Paulus'un Epitome'yi hazırlarken Oribasius basta olmak üzere, Galenus, Soranus, Aetius gibi hekimlerinden etkilendiği ortaya konulmustur. Oribasius'un Synopsis'inin içerdiği benzer baslıklar ve Epitome'nin içerdiği bazı farklılıklar, karsılastırmalı olarak saptanmıstır. Galenus'un De Sanitate Tuenda ve Soranus'un Gyneceia eserinde benzer bölümler saptanmıs, Türkçeye çevirisi yapılarak paylasılmıstır. Sonuç: Paulus Epitome'sinde, yedinci yüzyıla ulasan gebe ve çocuk sağlığı ile ilgili bilgileri derlemis ve eklemelerle zenginlestirmistir. Alan yazın ve bu çalısmanın bulguları ısığında Epitome Latince, Arapça, Fransızca, Almanca çevirileri ile genis bir coğrafi ve kültürel erisime kavustuğu, kendinden sonraki tıbbı önemli ölçüde etkilemis bir eserdir.

On Pregnancy Care and Pediatrics in Paul of Aegina's Epitome of Medicine

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the sections related to pregnant, infant care and illnesses of childhood in Paul of Aegina's Epitome of Medicine. The relevant sections parts were translated from English into Turkish with the aim to make a contribution to the history of medicine literature into Turkish. Material and Methods: In this study, The Seven Books of Paulus Aeginata edition of Francis Adams's translation of Epitome from Greek into English, which includes his interpretations, and which was prepared for The Sydenham Society in 1844 was used. Sections regarding pregnant, infant care and illnesses of childhood in the first book were translated from English into Turkish. Results: A total of fourteen titles were identified under which information about health protection of pregnant women and babies, wet nursing and children's illnesses were given. Paul enjoyed prominent physicians' writings primarily Oribasius, and also Galen, Soranus, Aetius while composing his Epitome. Similar titles and some additional sections in Paul's Epitome were determined in comparison with Oribasius' Synopsis. Relevant sections in Galen's De Sanitate in his Epitome Tuenda and Soranus' Gyneceia were also determined, translated into Turkish and explained. Conclusion: In his Epitome,Paul compiled the knowledge of his century on pregnant and infant care and illnesses of the childhood and enriched it with his own contributions. In the light of the field literature and the findings of this study, it can be stated that Epitome is an important work that has significant impact on the medicine afterwards with its extensive geographical and cultural access through its published translations in Latin, Arabic, English, German and French.

PDF

___

1. Skoulakis EC, Manios GA, Theos AE, Papadakis EC, Stavroulaki SP. Treatment of nasal fractures by Paul of Aegina. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 138: 279-282.
2. Sarton G. Introduction to the history of science, Reprinted, Volume 1. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company; 1953: 479.
3. Missios S, Bekelis K, Roberts DW. Neurosurgery in the Byzantine Empire: the contributions of Paul of Aegina (625-690 AD): Historical vignette. J Neurosurg 2014; 120: 244-249.
4. Carlstedt T. An overture to basic science aspects of nerve injuries. J Hand Surg Eur 2011; 36: 726-729.
5. Castiglioni A. A History of medicine. Translated from Italian and Edited by Krumbhaar EB. 2nd ed. Revised and Enlarged. New York: Alfred A. Knopf; 1958: 254, 266.
6. Paulus Aeginata. The seven books of Paulus Aegineta, Translated from the Greek with commentary embracing a complete view of the knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on all subjects connected with medicine and surgery by Adams F, in three volumes, Vol. I. London: Printed for the Sydenham Society, 1844.p.1-19. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id= AFdhAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover& dq=The+Seven+Books+of +Paulus+Aegineta,&hl=tr&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=one page&q=The%20Seven%20Books%20of %20Paulus%20Aegineta %2C&f=false.Eri- şim tarihi: 19 Şubat 2010.
7. Paulus Aegineta. The seven books of Paulus Aegineta, Translated from the Greek with commentary embracing a complete view of the knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on all subjects connected with medicine and sugery by Adams F, in three volumes, In Three Volumes, Vol. II. London: Printed for the Sydenham Society, 1844. https://books. google.com.tr/books?id=-g1kAAAAcAA J&pg=PP7&dq=The+Seven+Books +of +Paulus+Aegineta,&hl=tr&sa=X& redir _esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20Seven% 20Books%20of%20Paulus%20Aegineta %2C&f=false, Erişim tarihi: 12 Mart 2010
8. Paulus Aegineta. The seven books of Paulus Aegineta, Translated from the Greek with commentary embracing a complete view of the knowledge possessed by the Greeks, Romans, and Arabians on all subjects connected with medicine and surgery by Adams F, in three volumes, Vol. III. London: Printed for the Sydenham Society, 1847. https://books.google.com.tr/ books?id=gYo-AAAAcAAJ&pg= PA74 &dq=The+Seven+Books+of+Paulus+ Aegineta,&hl=tr&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v =onepage&q=The%20Seven%20Books %20of%20Paulus%20 Aegineta% 2C&f= false. Erişim tarihi: 19 Şubat 2010
9. Soranus. Gynecology, translated with an introduction by Temkin O with the assistance of Eastman NJ, Edelstein L, Guttmacher AF, Reprint. Softshell Books Edition; 1991.
10. Galen. A Translation of Galen's Hygiene (De Sanitate Tuenda) by Robert Montraville Green with an Introduction by Henry E. Sigerist. Charles C. Thomas; 1951. 11. Oribase. Oeuvres d'Oribase, Texte Grec, En Grande Partie Inédit. Collationné Sur Les Manuscrits. Traduit Pour La Premiere Fois En Français; Avec Une Introduction, Des notes, Des Tables Et Des Planches Par Les Docteurs Bussemaker et Daremberg, Tome Cinquiéme. Paris: A L'Imprimerie Natioale, 1873. p.196-209. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id= VdtEAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover &dq=Oribase.+Oeuvres+d%E2%80% 99Oribase,+tome+5&hl=tr&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false. Erişim tarihi: 2 Mart 2016.
12. Weiss-Amer M. Medieval women's guides to food during pregnancy: origins, texts, and traditions. CBMH/BCHM 1993; 10: 5-23.
13. Lazaris PD, Laskaratos FJ, Lascaratos GJ. Surgical diseases of the womb according to Aetius of Amida (6th century A.D.). World J Surg 2009; 33: 1310-1317.
14. Aetii Amideni quem alii Antiochenum vocant ... Libri XVI. in tres tomos diuisi, quorum primus & ultimus Ioanne Baptista Montano Veronensi ..., secundus Iano Cornario ... interpretibus latinitate donati sunt. In quo opere cuncta quae ad curandi artem pertinent congesta sunt, ex omnibus qui usque ad eius tempora scripserant, diligentissime excerpta. Additus est index omneis tomos copiossimus, 1. Cilt, Basileae: In Officina Frob; 1535: 156-162. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=3 _-kglra8noC&printsec=frontcover&dq= Aetii_Amideni_quem_alii_Antiochenum _voca&hl=tr&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v= onepage&q&f=false, Erişim tarihi: 05 Aralık 2015.
15. Acıduman A, Aşkit Ç. Ebu Bekr Muhammed b. Zekeriyya Er-Razi'nin Kitabu'l-Mansuri adli ünlü eserinde gebelerin ve çocukların tedbiri üzerine. Lokman Hekim Dergisi 2017;7:110-136.
16. Bayat AH. Tıp Tarihi. İzmir: Sade Matbaa; 2003. p.112-113.
17. Helmann AM. A collection of early obstetrical books. Yale J Biol Med 1951; 24: 210-219.
18. Dunn PM. Soranus of Ephesus (circa AD 98-138) and perinatal care in Roman times. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 1995; 73: F51-F52.
19. Radbill SX. Infant feeding through the ages. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1981; 20: 613-621.
20. Radbill SX. The first treatise on pediatrics. Am J Dis Child 1971; 122: 369-376.
21. Acıduman A, Polat H. Aşkit Ç, Belen D. On the fractures and dislocations of the spine in Rhazes' Kitab al- Hawi/Liber Continens. The Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery 2017;29:205-214.
22. Belen D, Acıduman A. A Pioneer from the Islamic Golden Age: Haly Abbas and spinal traumas in his principal work, The Royal Book. J Neurosurg Spine 2006; 5: 381-383, 2006.
23. Aciduman A, Arda B, Kahya E, Belen D. The Royal Book by Haly Abbas from the 10th century: one of the earliest illustrations of the surgical approach to skull fractures. Neurosurgery 2010; 67: 1466-1475.
24. Aciduman A, Arda B, Aşkit Ç, Belen D, Tuzcu K. Account of Haly Abbas regarding the management of hydrocephalus in childhood: a text from Medieval Times. World Neurosurg 2014; 82: e791-e796.
25. Acıduman A, Er U. Ebu'l-Kasım Ez-Zehravî ve eseri el-Tasrîf'te spinal travma ile ilgili bölümler. Türk Omurga Cerrahisi Dergisi 2009; 20: 109-118.
26. Acıduman A, Belen D, Simsek S. Management of spinal disorders and trauma in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine. Neurosurgery 2006; 59: 397-403.
27. Acıduman A, Belen D. Hydrocephalus and its management in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine. J Neurosurg 2007; 106 (6 Suppl Pediatrics): 513-516.
28. Aciduman A, Arda B, Özaktürk FG, Telatar ÜF. What does Al-Qanun Fi AlTibb (the Canon of Medicine) say on head injuries? Neurosurg Rev 2009; 32: 255- 263.
29. Meyerhof M. Science and medicine. In: Arnold T, Guillaume A, editors. The Legacy of Islam. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1931. p.316-317.
30. İbn-i Sînâ. El-Kânûn fi't-Tıbb, Birinci Kitap, Türkçeye çeviren: Kâhya E. Ankara: Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Atatürk Kültür Merkezi, 1995. p.229-242.
31. Acıduman A, Şems Ş. İsmâ'îl Cürcânî'nin ünlü eseri Zahîre-i H'arezmşâhî'nin XVI. yüzyıl Türkçe çevirisi Kânûn el-'İlâc ve Şifâ elEmrâz li-Külli Mizâc'da çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları üzerine. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi 2014; 57: 141-160.