Uluslararası Göç ve Kalkınma Tartışmaları: Beyin Göçü Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Son yıllarda,uluslararası göç ve kalkınma tartışması, uluslararası kuruluşlar, akademisyenler ve politikacıların artan ilgisini kazanır hale gelmiştir. Bu tartışmalarda, göç ve kalkınma üzerine iyimser beklentiler yükselişe geçmektedir. Göç ve kalkınma sorunu, havaleler, geri dönüş ve diaspora etkileri olmak üzere üç ana kanal üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışma beyin göçü üzerinden, uluslararası göçün kalkınma üzerine etkilerini araştırma amacı taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın temel varsayımı, göçün tüm göç veren ülkeler için otomatik olarak gelişme etkisi yaratmayacağıdır. Bu etki göç biçimine ve göç veren ülkelerin ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal koşullarına göre değişecektir. Bu varsayım temelinde, çalışma, genel olarak beyin göçü düzleminde havalelerin pozitif etkisinin ortaya çıkmadığını; potansiyel olarak geri dönüş ve diaspora etkisinin, havalelere göre daha büyük olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu potansiyel ise, ancak gerekli ortamın yaratılması durumunda ortaya çıkacaktır. Bu ortamın yaratılması ise, genel olarak “beyin göçünden beyin gücüne” yaklaşımını amaçlayan, kamusal politikaların oluşturulması ve uygulanmasına bağlıdır.

The Debates on International Migration and Development: An Investigation on Brain Drain

In recent years, international migration and development debate has been gained increasing attention of international organizations, academics and politicians. Optimistic expectations on migration and development have risen in this debate. Migration and development issue has been discussed through three main channels: remittances, return migration and Diaspora effects. This study is aimed at exploring positive development effects of international migration in the case of brain drain. The main assumption of this study is that migration doesn’t automatically generate development impacts for all sending countries. These effects depend on migration types and economic, social and political conditions of sending countries. Based on this assumption, this study indicates that remittances effects don’t emerge brain drain level generally. It seems that potential of return migration and Diaspora effects are bigger than remittances. But this potential depends on necessary conditions. To acquire positive development impact form brain drain, it is essential to formulate and apply public policies aiming at “brain drain to brain gain” approach generally.

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