Ahmet KESER, Yusuf GÖKMEN, Yavuz GAZİBEY

Türkiye'de illerin sürdürülebilirlik boyutları açısından değerlendirilmesi

Bu makalede, Türkiyedeki tüm iller, sürdürülebilirliğin ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel boyutları açısından Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemlerinden biri olan TOPSIS (İdeal Noktalarda Çok Boyutlu Ağırlıklandırma Yöntemi) ile analiz edilmiştir. Şehirlerin durumlarının farklı boyutlar açısından ortaya konması suretiyle, tüm sosyal paydaşların, yönetişim mekanizması çerçevesinde şekillenecek yeni ve farklı kamu politikaları üzerinde anlaşabilecekleri öngörülmüştür. Akademik yazında sürdürülebilirliği ölçmek maksadıyla kullanılan çeşitli indeksler ve göstergeler karşılaştırılmış ve uygulama bölümünde kullanılacak olan sürdürülebilirlik göstergeleri oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada, 81 ilin sürdürülebilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla sosyal, ekonomik ve çevre boyutlarına ilişkin alt boyutlara ait 52 sürdürülebilirlik göstergesi kullanılmıştır. İllerin TOPSIS yöntemiyle analizi sonucunda Şehir Sürdürülebilirliği İndeksine göre sırasıyla Kocaeli, İstanbul ve Ankara ilk üç sırada yer almıştır. Sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında Türkiyedeki kentlerin analiz edildiği bu araştırmadan elde edilecek bulguların, yeni kamu politikalarının oluşturulması sürecinde, özellikle belediye yönetimleri tarafından yönetişim mekanizmasından istifade edilmesine, tüm sosyal paydaşların fayda ve maliyetleri açısından dengenin sağlanabilmesine ve böylece şehirlerde sürdürülebilir gelişmeye yönelik alınan kararların uygulanabilmesine katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Evaluation Turkish cities according to the dimensions of sustainability

Through this article, all the cities in Turkey have been examined within the framework of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability via TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making methods. It is foreseen that all the social stakeholders of the city may agree on new and different public policies with the governance mechanism by exposing the status of the cities according to various dimensions. All three of the environmental, social and economical dimensions were covered by considering their interaction in terms of urban transformation and development. The sustainability indicators for the implementation phase were developed by studying the indexes of the related literature. To assess the sustainability of all 81 cities, 52 sustainability indicators were used as the sub-dimensions of the social, economic and environmental dimensions. These findings will contribute to the efforts of municipalities and non-governmental organizations in activating the governance mechanism before finalizing public policy decisions. This will generate a balance between the benefits and the costs of all stakeholders and thus also to the applicability of these decisions for the sake of urban sustainable development.

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