Güvenlik ve Göç Kavşağında Kosova Sorunu

Devlet-içi çatışmalar, insanların kitleler halinde zorla yerlerinden edilmelerine yol açabilmektedir. Bu kapsamda, demografik dinamiklerin ve insan hareketliliklerinin tüm düzeylerde (bireysel, toplumsal, ulusal, bölgesel ve uluslararası) güvenlik için önemli yansımaları vardır. Etnik açıdan homojenleştirme adına önemli sayıda insan kendi ülkelerinde yerlerinden edilirken, diğerleri komşu ülkelere akın etmekte ve mülteci konumuna düşmektedirler. Bu nedenle, bu tür insan hareketleri, genel olarak Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde ve özel olarak Güvenlik Çalışmaları alanında büyük bir dikkat çekmektedir. Gerçekten zorla göç ettirilmiş mülteciler ve içsel olarak yerlerinden edilmiş insanlar, Balkanlar bölgesi için önemli istikrarsızlık faktörleri olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kosova örnek olayı bağlamında göç ve güvenlik arasındaki bağlantılar ile ilgili bir bakış açısı ortaya koymaktır. Kosova krizi sırasında 1999 yılında yaklaşık 2 milyon insan zorla yerlerinden edilmişken, NATO müdahalesi ise, Sırpların insan hakları ihlallerine maruz kalması ile sonuçlanmış ve Sırpların çoğunun Kosova dışına göç etmesine neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kosova, Göç, Güvenlik, Arnavutlar, Sırplar

Kosova Issue at the Intersection of Security and Migration

Intra-state conflicts can generate large waves of forcibly displaced persons. In this respect, demographic dynamics and population movements have important ramifications for all levels (individual, societal, national, regional and international) of security. In the name of ethnic homogenization, large numbers of persons were displaced within their own country, while others were more or less forced to flee to neighboring countries to seek asylum. So, these population movements are now attracting increased attention in International Relations in general terms, and in the field of Security Studies particularly. Indeed, the forced migration of refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are severely destabilizing factors for the Balkans region. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of the linkages between migration and security in the context of the Kosovo case. While during the Kosovo crisis in 1999, about 2 million people were forcibly displaced, the NATO intervention resulted in the violation of the human rights of the Serbs and caused most of the Serbs to move out of the Kosovo.

Keywords:

Kosovo, Migration, Security, Albanians, Serbs,

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