TUNUS’TA DEMOKRASİYE GEÇİŞ SÜRECİ VE EN-NAHDA’NIN İDEOLOJİK DÖNÜŞÜMÜ*

2010 yılının sonunda Tunus’ta başlayan ve Arap ülkelerinin büyük bir kısmında etkisini gösterenkitlesel ayaklanmaların bölgede hala süregiden büyük bir alt üst oluşa yol açtığını söylemek mümkündür. Tunusise, ayaklanmalardan etkilenen diğer Arap ülkelerinden farklı olarak, kendine has bir demokrasiye geçiş sürecitecrübe etmeye başlamıştır. Bu geçiş sürecinde, kuruluşundan 2011’e dek yasaklı olan en-Nahda hareketininyasallaşarak ülkedeki en önemli siyasal aktörlerden biri haline geldiği ise aşikardır. 2011’den sonra enNahda’nın siyasal pozisyonu ülkenin önemli siyasal aktörleriyle uzlaşı gerçekleştirerek Tunus siyasetinin kalıcıöznelerinden biri olabilmek amacı çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. İdeolojisini uzun yıllar siyasal İslami renklerlebezeyen hareketin, Tunus seküler sistemi içerisinde kendisine bir yer yaratabilmesi ve bu yolla yeni iktidaryapılanmasına eklemlenmesi önemli bir ideolojik dönüşümden de beslenmiş görünmektedir. Nitekim, enNahda’nın Mayıs 2016’da gerçekleştirilen 10. Kongresinde, parti ideolojisinin artık siyasal İslamcılıklatanımlanamayacağı, bunun yerine “Müslüman demokratlar” kavramının kullanılacağının altı çizilerek sekülerilkeler temelinde siyaset yürütüleceği vurgulanmıştır. Bu çalışma, en-Nahda’nın Tunus’un demokrasiye geçişsürecindeki sisteme eklemlenme biçimine ve iktidarda yer almaya başladığı süreçle birlikte billurlaşan ideolojikdönüşümüne odaklanmaktadır.

Tunisian Transition Process to Democracy and the Ideological Transformation of En-Nahda

It is possible to state that uprisings started in Tunisia at the end of 2010 and had an impact on most of the Arab countries, caused a still-ongoing political turbulence in the region. Tunisia, in contrast to other Arab countries affected by the uprisings, has began to experience a sui generis transition process to democracy. In this process, En-Nahda movement, which has been politically banned until 2011 since its establishment, has become one of the most important political actors in the country by achieving its legal status. After 2011, the political position of en-Nahda was shaped around the aim of becoming one of the permanent agents of Tunisian politics. In light of the fact that en-Nahda has started an integration policy to the new power structure with a serious ideological transformation in order to gain a permanent position in Tunisian secular system. Confirmingly, at the 10th Congress of the En-Nahda in May 2016, it was emphasized that the ideology of the party could no longer be defined by political Islamism, but the concept of “Muslim democrats” would be used. This study focuses on en-Nahda’s method of integrating itself to the system in the transition process to democracy, and its ideological transformation, which has become crystal clear along with process of becoming a power player

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