Kentsel Alt Yapı Finansman Modeli Olarak Yerel Kredi Piyasası Sistemi: Türkiye Örneği

Son yıllarda dünyanın yeni kentleşen bölgelerinde kentsel altyapı yatırım gereksinimi hızla büyümektedir. Küresel fınans örgütlerinin projeksiyonlarında, kentsel altyapı yatırımlarının yakın gelecekte daha da büyük ölçeklere ulaşması öngörülmektedir. Söz konusu beklentiler doğrultusunda gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki kentsel altyapı yatırımlarına ulus ötesi sermayenin katılımının sağlanmasına yönelik politikaları içeren yazanaklar hazırlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda, yerel yönetimler maliyesine yönelik olarak yönetişim (governance) içerikli politikalar geliştirilmektedir. Ayrıca, kamusal kredilere dayalı yerel yönetim bankacılığını tasfiye etmeyi hedefleyen politik, kurumsal ve yapısal değişiklik önerileri yerel kredi piyasası sistemi modeli etrafında sunulmaktadır. Ancak, ABD'de geçerli belediye bono ve kredi piyasasının yapısal özellikleri çerçevesinde şekillendirilen yerel kredi piyasası sistemi, ulus ötesi sermayenin gereksinimleri doğrultusunda oluşturulduğundan, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kentsel sorunlarına kalıcı çözümler bulmaktan uzaktır. Söz konusu çerçevede, bu makalenin amacı, gelişmekte olan ülkelere benimsetilmeye çalışılan yerel kredi piyasası sisteminin temel özelliklerini neoliberal politikalar ışığında ortaya koyarak Türkiye örneği üzerinden eleştirisini yapmaktır.

Local Credit Market System as a Model of Urban Infrastructre Finance: Türkey Case

In recent years, urban infrastructure investment need is growing very rapidly across newly urbanized regions of the world. Global finance organizations' projections expect urban infrastructure investments to attain bigger scale in near future. Working papers / reports, which include policy reforms on participation of global capital to urban infrastructure investments in developing countries, are prepared in line with these expectations, Thus, governance policies are developed for local administration finance in these working papers / reports. Furthermore, political, institutional and structural reform suggestions of global finance organizations, which aim at abolishing local administration banking based on public credits, are introduced within the framework of local credit market system model. However, the local credit market system, formulated by the structural characteristics of municipal bond and credit market in USA, is apart from solving the urban question of developing countries since it has been formed in line with the needs of global capital. In this regard, the scope of this article is to criticize local credit market system which is tried to be transferred to developing countries, by putting forward its basic characteristics in the light of neoliberal policies within the framework of Turkey case.

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