African migrations toward Turkey: Beyond the stepping stone

1990'lı yılların siyasi söyleminde ortaya çıkan 'transit göç' veya 'transit göçmen' kavramlarına çeşitlianlamlar yüklenmiştir. Biz bu makalede, bir dizi karmaşık tecrübeyi, siyasi bağlamı ve küresel gerçekliği tamolarak işaret etmekte veya tanımlamakta kifayetsiz kalan söz konusu kavramların inşa edilmiş kategorilerolduklarını savunuyoruz. İlk olarak transitin inşasının Avrupa güvenlik politikası çerçevesinde cereyan etmiş olduğunu gösteriyoruz. Daha sonra Türkiyedeki Afrikalı göçmenlerin tecrübeleri ışığında bu kavramınsınırlarını gözler önüne seriyoruz. Elde ettiğimiz ampirik verilere dayanarak, Avrupa güvenlik gündemininbir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan transit göçmen kategorisinin bu tecrübelerin bir kısmına uygun düşmekleberaber hatırı sayılır diğer bir kısmının ise bu başlık altına sıkıştırılamayacağını; dolayısıyla bu kategorininaşırı yüklenmiş bir hal aldığını söylüyoruz. Ayrıca, Türkiye ile Afrika arasında gelişen, yeni bir göç sistemiolarak tanımladığımız sürecin, harekât biçimlerinin ve Türkiye için beklenen değişikliklerin altını çiziyoruz.

Afrika dan Türkiye ye göç: Atlama tahtasından öteye

The notion of transit migration emerged in policy discourse during the 1990s. Various meaningshave been assigned to the notion of transit migrant or transit migration . In this paper we argue that these areconstructed categories which are unable to address fully or to describe a range of complex experiences,political contexts and global realities. We first argue that the construction of transit has primarily taken placewithin the context of European securitization policy. We next expose the limits of such a construction in thelight of African migrant experiences in Turkey. Our empirical data shows that while the category of transitmigrant generated out of the European securitization agenda can fit some of these experiences, there are alsodistinctive African migrant experiences in Turkey which cannot be stretched easily into this category andthus it becomes an overloaded category. Furthermore, we aim to highlight what we identify as a newmigratory system stretched between Turkey and Africa, these modalities of operation and the expectedchanges for Turkey

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