Haskala Sırasında Din-Bilim Çatışması: Onay Belgeleri, Bilim Kitapları ve Rabbani Din Adamları

Matbaanın 15. yüzyıldan itibaren ortaya çıkması ve yaygınlaşması, kitap piyasasının hızlı bir yükselişine neden olmuştur. Yayınlanan eserler konusunda Hıristiyan yöneticilerin kararları, buralarda yaşayan Yahudileri de etkilemiştir. Yahudiler, yaşadıkları ülkelerin idarecileri ile çatışma yaşamamak, ayrıca kendi dini inanç ve geleneklerini korumak amacıyla bazı tedbirler almışlardır. İbranice kitapların basımında onay belgesinin şart koşulması da bunlardan birisidir. Avrupa’daki Aydınlanma dönemi etkisiyle ortaya çıkan ve Yahudi toplumunun modernizasyonunu amaçlayan Haskala hareketi, etkili olduğu 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda birçok yayın ürünü ortaya koymuştur. Bu dönem boyunca bilim, rabbani din adamları ve Maskilim arasında çatışma alanı olmaya devam etmiştir. Rabbani din adamları tarafından, özellikle ilk dönemlerde “potansiyel tehlike” olarak kabul edilen İbranice bilim kitaplarına onay belgeleri verilmeyerek Haskala hareketinin etkisi en aza indirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonraki dönemlerde ise bu tutumun değişmeye başladığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Haskala, Haskama, Gelenek, Rabbani Din Adamları, Bilim, Herem, İbranice

THE RELIGION-SCIENCE CONFLICT DURING HASKALAH: APPROVAL DOCUMENTS, SCIENCE BOOKS AND THE RABBINIC CLERGY

The emergence and expansion of the printing house since the 15th century led to a rapid rise in the book market. The decisions of the Christian rulers about the published works also affected the Jews living in these areas. Jews had taken some measures to protect their own religious beliefs and traditions as well as not to experience conflict with the rulers of the countries in which they live. One of them was the provision of the certificate of approval in the publication of Hebrew books. The Haskalah movement, which emerged as a result of the Enlightenment period in Europe and aimed at the modernization of the Jewish community, produced many publications in the 18th and 19th centuries. During this period, science continued to be a field of conflict between the Rabbinic clergy and the Maskilim. The effect of the Haskalah movement was tried to be minimized by the Rabbinic clergy especially in the early periods, through a system that rejects the issuance of approval documents for the publication of Hebrew science books that were accepted as potentially dangerous. It is observed that this attitude started to change in later periods.

Keywords:

Haskalah, Tradition, Haskama, Rabbinic Clergy, Science, Herem, Hebrew,

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