ÜÇ FARKLI GÖRÜNTÜLEME TEKNİĞİNDEN ALINAN TİBİA ÖLÇÜMLERİNİN GÜVENİLİRLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Antropolojik araştırmalarda özellikle de adli antropoloji çalışmalarında kullanılan bir yöntemin hata oranlarının verilmesi yapılan çalışmanın uygulanabilir olması için oldukça önemlidir. Günümüzde özellikle teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte çok sayıda yeni yöntem geliştirilmekte ve literatüre eklenmektedir. Non-invaziv olması ve verilerin kalıcılığı gibi sebeplerden son yıllarda özellikle medikal görüntüleme teknikleri antropolojik araştırma süreçlerinde sıklıkla yararlanılan teknolojilerden biri olmaktadır. Bu sebeple bu tekniklerin kullanılmasıyla oluşturulan yeni yöntemlerin uygulanabilirliğini analiz etmek önemlidir. Ayrıca, Daubert standartları ile birlikte mahkemede kullanılan bilimsel çalışmalar için kabul edilirlik kriterlerinin oluşturulmasından bu yana adli antropologlar tarafından kullanılan yöntemler ciddi bir inceleme altına girmiştir. Bu sebeple, antropolojik araştırmalarda kullanılan biyolojik profillerin oluşturulmasında sıklıkla tercih edilen metrik ölçümlerin tekrarlanabilir ve güvenilir olmasını sağlamak önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; biyolojik profil veya popülasyon spesifik formüller oluşturmak için kullanılan metrik ölçümlerde aynı bilgisayar yazılımı içerisinde farklı görüntüleme tekniklerinden alınan tibia ölçümleri arasındaki gözlemci içi güvenilirliği analiz etmektir. Bu sebeple, bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinden elde edilen 15 adet sanal tibia görüntüsü çalışmanın verisini oluşturmaktadır. OsiriX programı kullanılarak işlenen tibia görüntülerinden alınan beş adet metrik ölçüm SPSS 24.0 ve Excel yazılım paketleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Üç farklı görüntüleme tekniğinden alınan beş ölçüm ANOVA analizi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Gözlemci içi güvenilirlik analizi için sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı ICC kullanılmış ve gözlemci hatası TEM, rTEM ve R hesaplanarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak tibiadan alınan metrik ölçümlerde üç farklı görüntüleme tekniği kıyaslandığında MDEB ölçümü dışında diğer dört ölçüm arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Bununla birlikte yalnızca hacimsel görüntülemeden alınan beş ölçümün hepsi için gözlemci içi güvenilirlik 0.998-0.948 yüksek güvenilirlik arasında değişmekte ve bu durum özellikle adli antropoloji çalışmaları için önerilen değer aralıklarını karşılamaktadır. Bu sebeple, üç görüntüleme tekniği arasında hacimsel görüntülemeden alınan ölçümlerin gözlemci içi güvenilirliği en yüksek olduğu için ileride yapılacak çalışmalarda hacimsel görüntüleme modunun tercih edilmesinin daha güvenilir sonuçlar vereceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antropoloji, Görüntüleme Teknikleri, Tibia Ölçümleri, Bilgisayarlı Tomografi, Gözlemci İçi Güvenilirlik

EVALUATION OF THE REALIABILITY OF TIBIA MEASUREMENTS FROM THREE DIFFERENT IMAGING TECHNIQUES

The methods used in anthropological research especially in forensic anthropological investigations should have report potential error rates in order to become internationally applicable. Recently, many new methods with the advancement of technological improvements have been developed. Due to non-invasive nature, medical imaging techniques have become one of the frequently used technologies in anthropological research. Therefore, it is quite important to analyse the applicability of these new methods created using these techniques. Moreover, the methods used by forensic anthropologists have been under serious scrutiny since the creation of acceptance criteria for scientific studies that are especially used in court in order to meet Daubert standards. For this reason, it is important to ensure that the frequently preferred metric measurements are reproducible and reliable in the creation of biological profiles used in anthropological research. The aim of this study is to analyze intra-observer reliability between tibia measurements taken from different imaging techniques in the same computer software. Therefore, 15 tibia images obtained from computed tomography constitute the data of the study. Five metric measurements from tibia images processed using the OsiriX program were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and Excel software packages. Five measurements taken from three different imaging techniques were compared using ANOVA analysis. For intraobserver reliability analysis, ICC was used and observer error was analyzed by calculating TEM, rTEM and R. As a result, when three different imaging techniques were compared in the metric measurements taken from the tibia, no significant difference was observed between the four measurements except MDEB measurement. However, for all five measurements taken from only volumetric imaging, intra-observer reliability ranges from 0.998-0.948 high reliability , which meets the recommended value ranges specifically for forensic anthropology studies. Since the measurements taken from volumetric imaging among the imaging techniques have the highest intra-observer reliability, it is thought that preferring the volumetric imaging mode in future studies will yield more reliable results.

Keywords:

Anthropology, Imaging Techniques, Tibia Measurements, Computed Tomography, Intra-Observer Reliability,

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