Raziye DESDİCİOĞLU, Ayşe Filiz YAVUZ, Fatma Betül AVŞAR

COVID-19 AŞILARI VE GEBELİK

Covid-19 olarak tanımladığımız SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu 2021 yılı sonuna kadar (2 yıl) dünyada yaklaşık 5,2 milyon kişinin hayatını kaybetmesine sebep olmuştur. Hastalığın çeşitli varyantlarla yayılımı ve öldürücülüğü devam etmektedir. Obstetrik açıdan hastalığın önemi gebelerde kliniğin gebe olmayan kadınlara göre daha ağır seyretmesi ve ek hastalıklar varlığında morbidite ve ölüm oranlarının gebelerde daha yüksek olmasından kaynaklanır. Tüm salgınlarda olduğu gibi hastalığa global çözüm bulmanın yolu aşıdan geçmektedir. Fakat salgının tüm dünyayı kasıp kavurması, sosyal ve ekonomik hayatı yerle bir etmesi 10 yılı aşan aşı geliştirme çalışmalarının bazı basamaklarının atlanmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Modern tekniklerin de devreye girmesi ile geliştirilmeye çalışılan onlarca aşıdan birkaçı Aralık 2020’den itibaren global sağlık örgütleri tarafından acil kullanım onayı almıştır. Aşıların toplumlar arası ufak farklılıklarla beraber erişkin popülasyonda yüksek oranda bağışıklık sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Hiçbir aşı çalışmasının ayrıca bir gebe kolu olmamasının yanında gebe hayvanlardan elde edilen ve raporlanan sonuçlar da sınırlıdır. Dolayısı ile gebeler aşı yapılıp yapılmayacağı konusu ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluşların önerileri ile sağlık hizmeti sunanların bilgilendirmesi ve gebenin gönüllü olması esasına dayanmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı Covid-19 aşılarının genel özellikleri ve gebelere ait dünyada ve ülkemizdeki son veriler ve önerilerin bugünkü halinin sağlık hizmeti sunucularına topluca aktarılmasıdır.

COVID-19 VACCINES AND PREGNANCY

SARS-Cov-2 infection, which we define as Covid-19, caused the death of almost 5,2 million people in the world until the end of 2021. The spread and lethality of the disease through various variants continue. The importance of the disease in obstetrics is due to the more severe clinical course in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women and the higher morbidity/mortality rates in pregnant women in the presence of additional diseases. As in all epidemics, the way to find a global solution to the disease is through the vaccine. However, the fact that the epidemic deeply affected the whole world made it necessary to skip some steps of vaccine development studies that normally exceed ten years. A few of the dozens of vaccines that are tried to be developed with the introduction of modern techniques have been approved for emergency use by global health organizations since December 2020. Vaccines have been shown to provide high immunity in adults with slight differences between populations. In addition to the fact that no vaccine study also had a pregnant arm, reported results from pregnant animals are also limited. Therefore, the issue of whether pregnant women will be vaccinated is based on the recommendations of national and international organizations and the volunteers of the pregnant woman who is informed by health care providers. The purpose of this article is to present the general characteristics of Covid-19 vaccines and the latest data and recommendations regarding pregnant women in the world and in our country to health care providers.

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