Sahra Altı Afrika Ülkelerinde Ticari Açıklık ve Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi

Sahra altı Afrika ülkelerinde dış ticaret ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar önemli bir makroekonomik faaliyettir. Son yıllarda hem dış ticaret hem de yabancı yatırım alanında ülke profilleri ve ağırlığında önemli değişimler gözlenmektedir. Bu durumun ekonomik büyümeye etkisinin araştırılmasının literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. 48 SAA ülkesi üzerine 2007 ve 2021 arası yıllık verilerle sistem GMM yaklaşımı kullanılarak panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ampirik bulgular ticari açıklık ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ekonomiyi pozitif etkilediği fakat etkinin önemli düzeyde olmadığı yönündedir. Sonuçlar literatüre uyumludur. Bölgede yüksek düzeyde kamu harcamaları meydana gelmektedir. Kamu harcamalarının toplam talep üzerindeki etkisinin, diğer ekonomik faaliyetlin büyüme üzerine etkisinden daha güçlü olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu sebeple kamu harcamalarının diğer makro ekonomik faaliyetleri olumsuz etkilemeyecek verim ve etkinlikte yapılması, değişen ticaret ve yatırım yapısının ekonomik büyümeyi daha yüksek düzeyde olumlu etkileyecek önlem ve uygulamaların yapılması gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekonomik Büyüme, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Ticari Açıklık, Panel Veri Analizi, Sistem GMM

The Impact of Trade Openness And Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa Countries: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

Foreign trade and foreign direct investment in sub-Saharan African countries is an important macroeconomic activity. In recent years, significant changes have been observed in country profiles and weights in both foreign trade and foreign investment areas. It is thought that investigating the effect of this situation on economic growth will contribute to the literature. Panel data analysis was carried out using the system GMM approach with annual data on 48 SSA countries between 2007 and 2021. Empirical findings are that trade openness and foreign direct investments have a positive effect on the economy, but the effect is not significant. The results are compatible with the literature. There is a high level of public expenditure in the region. It is estimated that the effect of public expenditures on aggregate demand is stronger than the effect of other economic activity on growth. For this reason, it is necessary to make public expenditures in efficiency and effectiveness that will not adversely affect other macroeconomic activities, and to implement measures and practices that will positively affect economic growth in the changing trade and investment structure.

Keywords:

Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, Trede Openness, Panel Data Analysis, System GMM,

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