Dijital Dünyada Kuvvet Dağılımı ve Anonimlik: Uluslararası Sistemde Yeni Bir Güç Dengesi

Günümüzde bilgi teknolojileri, devletleri ve uluslararası ilişkileri de içeren, fiziksel dünyadaki tüm katılımcılarının bir arada ve iletişim içerisinde olduğu dijital bir dünyaya doğru evirilmiştir. Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde birçok teori, devlet davranışı ve devletlerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri hakkında açıklamalar sunmaktadır. Bu teorilerin önde gelenlerinden bir tanesi, devletler arasında kuvvet dağılımına odaklanan ve dolayısıyla sistemsel bir yaklaşıma sahip Neo-Realizmdir. Bu makale, Neo-Realist bir perspektiften, bilgi teknolojileri, devlet davranışı ve devletlerin ilişkileri arasındaki bağın daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için devletlerin fiziksel ve dijital kuvvetlerinin, ayrı ayrı analiz edilmesi gerektiğini iddia etmektedir. Fiziksel ve dijital dünya arasındaki etkileşim, dijital dünyanın daha az maliyetle güç ve anonimlik artışı sağlaması nedeniyle kısıtlıdır. Dijital dünyada, kuvvetlerin dağılımı, uluslararası sistemin kutupluğunu önemli ölçüde değiştirebilecek kadar farklıdır ve fiziksel dünyanın büyük güçleri, dijital dünyada artık eskisi gibi yüksek bir güvenlik ortamından faydalanamamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dijital Dünyada Neorealizm, Siber Savaş, Siber Güç Dengesi, Dijital Tehditler, Dijital Dünyada Anonimlik

Distribution of Capabilities and Anonymity in the Digital World: A New Balance of Power in the International System

Information technology has evolved to the extent that there is now a digital world where all participants in the physical world are also present and interact with each other, including the states and international relations. Many theories provide explanations for the behaviour of states and their relations. One of the prominent approaches is the systemic approach of Neorealism which focuses on the distribution of the capabilities among states. We argue that states' physical and digital capabilities must be analyzed separately to provide better explanations from the Neorealist perspective. The interactions between these two worlds are limited due to the reduced cost of gaining more power and higher anonymity provided by the digital world. There is a considerable difference in the distribution of capabilities that cause significant changes in the polarity of the international system in the digital world, and the great powers of the physical world no longer enjoy the same level of security in the digital world.

Keywords:

Neorealism in the Digital World, Cyber Warfare, Cyber Balance of Power, Digital Threats, Anonymity in the Digital World,

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