BİR İNANÇ MESELESİ OLARAK İNSAN ONURU: KAVRAMIN DİNİ VE SEKÜLER TEMELLENDİRMELERİ

Bu çalışmada, insan onuru kavramının seküler ve dini izahları arasındaki temel benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ele alınmaktadır. Seküler ve dini izahlar arasındaki en temel benzerlikler, insanların özgür iradeye sahip olması, rasyonaliteye sahip olması ve insanlar arasındaki eşitliktir. Çalışmada seküler ve dini açıklamaları birbirinden ayıran iki temel farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan ilki insan onurunun temelleri ile ilgilidir. Seküler temeller, onuru insanın içsel bir değeri olarak açıklarken, İbrahimi dinler, onuru Tanrı'nın bir armağanı olarak açıklar. Bunun doğal bir sonucu olarak, ilkinde insan hakları, doğrudan insanın iradesinden ya da menfaatlerinden türetilirken, İbrahimi dinlerde insan eylemleri dini emirleri ihlal etmemelidir. İnsan, ancak Allah'ın emirlerini araştırmak ve öğrenmek için özgür iradesini ve akılcılığını kullandığında özgür eylem ayrıcalığı kazanır. O zaman denilebilir ki eğer bir hak varsa, o da Tanrı tarafından tespit edilmelidir. İkinci fark ise insan hakları ve toplumsal menfaatler ile ilgilidir. İbrahimî dinler insanı toplumdan ayrı görmez ve insan eylemlerini toplumsal menfaatlere aykırı olmadığı sürece meşru kabul eder. Buna karşın seküler açıklamalar insanın haklarını önceler ve hakları toplumsal menfaatler karşısında ikincil olmayan bir konuma yerleştirir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

insan onuru, insanın kutsallığı, insan haklarının temeli, semavi dinlerde insan onuru, özgür irade.

HUMAN DIGNITY AS A BELIEF ISSUE: RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONCEPT

In this study, basic similarities and differencies between secular and religious explanations of the concept of human dignity is handled. Main similarities are that human has free will and rationality and there is not any hierarchy among people. In the study, two main differences that separate secular and religious explanations are detected. One of them is about the foundation of human dignity. Secular views explains the dignity as an intrinsic value of the human while Abrahamic religions explain the dignity as a gift of God. As a natural conclusion of that, human rights are inferred directly from the human’s interests or will according to secular explanations. However human actions shouldn’t violate religious orders in Abrahamic religions. Human can attain free action privilege only when (s)he uses his/her rationality and free will to search and find out God's orders. Then it can be said that if there is a right, it must be had given too by the God. The second difference is about relationship between human rights and societal interests. Abrahamic religions don’t see human apart from the society and recognizes human acts as legitimate insofar as they are not against the societal interests. However secular explanations prioritize the human rights and accomodate the rights in a non-subsidiary position to interests.

Keywords:

human dignity, sacredness of the human, foundation of the human rights, human dignity in Abrahamic religions, free will.,

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