AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ HUKUKUNDA ÖZGÜRLÜK VE GÜVENLİK HAKKI ÇERÇEVESİNDE AVRUPA TUTUKLAMA MÜZEKKERESİ VE SIĞINMACILARIN İDARİ GÖZETİMİ TEDBİRLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Avrupa Birliği, üye devletleri arasında oluşturduğu derinlikli bütünleşme alanı ile kişi hak ve özgürlüklerine doğrudan temas etmektedir. AB hukuku düzenlemeleri kapsamında kişi özgürlüğünü kısıtlayan veya kişiyi özgürlüğünden mahrum bırakan bazı tedbirler yer almaktadır. Söz konusu tedbirler Avrupa Tutuklama Müzekkeresi (ATM) ve sığınmacıların idari gözetimidir. ATM uygulaması ile kişilerin tutuklanması ve başka bir devlete transfer edilmesi söz konusu iken, sığınmacıların belirli koşullarda idari gözetim altına alınması, bir başka üye devlete transfer edilmesi veya sınır dışı edilmesi mümkündür. Bu uygulamalar temelinde özgürlük ve güvenlik hakkı ile doğrudan bağlantılıdır. Çalışmamızda, özgürlük ve güvenlik hakkı çerçevesinde söz konusu tedbirlere ilişkin hukuki düzenlemeler ve bu düzenlemelerde tespit edilen mevcut eksikliklere değinilecek; üye devlet uygulamaları ve ABAD içtihatları AB mevzuatı ve AB hukukunun temel prensiplerinden olan ölçülülük prensibi minvalinde incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avrupa Birliği, Özgürlük ve Güvenlik Hakkı, Ölçülülük Prensibi, Avrupa Tutuklama Müzekkeresi, İdari Gözetim

PDF

___

Amnesty International. “Greece: Asylum Seekers Being Illegally Detained in New EU-Funded Camp”, 02 Aralık 2021. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2021/12/greece-asylum-seekers-being-illegally-detained-in-new-eu-funded-camp/.
Beck Hansen, Natascha. “The European Arrest Warrant: A Threat to Human Rights? The theoretical imperfections of the EAW Framework Decision and their implications in practice”. Göteborg University/Department of Law, 2022. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/70486.
Bock, P. G., ve Morton Berkowitz. “The Emerging Field of National Security”. Editör Davis B. Bobrow, Dale J. Hekhuis, Charles G. McClintock, Arthur L. Burns, E. S. Quade, ve Herbert C. Kelman. World Politics 19, sy 1 (1966): 122-36.
Bogdandy, Armin von, ve Luke Dimitrios Spieker. “Countering the Judicial Silencing of critics: Article 2 TEU values, reverse Solange, and the responsibilities of National Judges”. European Constitutional Law Review 15, sy 3 (2019): 391-426.
Cherubini, Francesco. Asylum law in the European Union. London ; New York: Routledge, 2015.
Chetail, Vincent. “Are Refugee Rights Human Rights? An unorthodox questioning of the relations between refugee law and human rights law”. Human Rights and Immigration 19 (2014).
Commission Notice — Handbook on how to issue and execute a European arrest warrant (2017). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52017XC1006%2802%29.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on guidance for better transposition and application of Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States (2009). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex:52009DC0313.
Costello, Cathryn. “Immigration detention: The grounds beneath our feet”. Current Legal Problems 68, sy 1 (2015): 143-77.
Costello, Cathryn, ve Minos Mouzourakis. “EU law and the detainability of asylum-seekers”. Refugee Survey Quarterly 35, sy 1 (2016): 47-73.
Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States - Statements made by certain Member States on the adoption of the Framework Decision, 190 OJ L § (2002). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_framw/2002/584/oj/eng.
Council Framework Decision 2009/829/JHA of 23 October 2009 on the application, between Member States of the European Union, of the principle of mutual recognition to decisions on supervision measures as an alternative to provisional detention, 294 OJ L § (2009). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_framw/2009/829/oj/eng.
Council of EU. Amended proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down standards for the reception of asylum seekers (Recast), Pub. L. No. 11214/11 ASILE 46 CODEC 981 (2011). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/news/2011/oct/eu-council-reception-13102-11.pdf.
“COVID-19 & Immigration Detention: What Can Governments and Other Stakeholders Do?” Erişim 27 Nisan 2022. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/covid-19-immigration-detention-what-can-governments-and-other-stakeholders-do.
Craig, Paul, ve G. De Burca. “EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials 3’d ed”. Oxford: Oxford University, 2003.
Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common standards and procedures in Member States for returning illegally staying third-country nationals, 348 OJ L § (2008). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/115/oj/eng.
Directive 2013/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection, 180 OJ L § (2013). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2013/32/oj/eng.
Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection (recast), 180 OJ L § (2013). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2013/33/oj/eng.
Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters, 130 OJ L § (2014). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/41/oj/eng.
ECHR Case 13229/03 Saadi v. the United Kingdom (2002). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre?i=002-2289.
Erdoğan, Mustafa. İnsan Hakları Teorisi ve Hukuku. 3. bs. Ankara: Orion Kitabevi, 2012.
Fair Trials. “Protecting Fundamental Rights in Cross-Border Proceedings”. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.fairtrials.org/articles/publications/protecting-fundamental-rights-in-cross-border-proceedings/.
Fichera, Massimo, ve Christine Janssens. “Mutual recognition of judicial decisions in criminal matters and the role of the national judge”. İçinde ERA forum, 8:177-202. Springer, 2007.
Goodwin-Gill, Guy S. “International law and the detention of refugees and asylum seekers”. International Migration Review 20, sy 2 (1986): 193-219.
Göçmen, İ̇lke. “Karşılıklı Güven İlkesi İle Temel Hakların Korunması Arasındaki Makul Denge Arayışı: Avrupa Tutuklama Müzekkeresi Örneği”. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 27, sy 1 (2009): 1-28.
Grahl-Madsen, Atle. “Identifying the World’s Refugees”. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 467 (1983): 11-23.
Global Detention Project. “Greece Immigration Detention Profile”. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/countries/europe/greece.
“GREEN PAPER Strengthening Mutual Trust in the European Judicial Area – A Green Paper on the Application of EU Criminal Justice Legislation in the Field of Detention”, 2011. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex:52011DC0327.
International Justice Resource Center. “Asylum & the Rights of Refugees”, 10 Ekim 2012. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://ijrcenter.org/refugee-law/.
Judgement of the Court, Case C‑237/15 PPU, Minister for Justice and Equality v Francis Lanigan, (2015). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=165908&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=29908.
Judgement of the Court, Case C‑640/15 Minister for Justice and Equality v Tomas Vilkas (2017). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62015CJ0640.
Judgement of the Court, Case C‑492/18 PPU Openbaar Ministerie v TC (2018). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:62018CJ0492&from=EN.
Judgement of the Court, Case C‑396/11 Ministerul Public – Parchetul de pe lângă Curtea de Apel Constanţa v Ciprian Vasile Radu (2012). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62011CJ0396.
Judgement of the Court, Case C‑396/11 Ministerul Public – Parchetul de pe lângă Curtea de Apel Constanţa v Ciprian Vasile Radu (2012). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62011CJ0396.
Judgement of the Court Joined Cases N. S. (C-411/10) v Secretary of State for the Home Department and M. E. and Others (C-493/10) v Refugee Applications Commissioner and Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, (2011), Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62010CJ0411.
Judgement of the Court, Case-179/11 Cimade and Groupe d’information et de soutien des immigrés (GISTI) v Ministre de l’Intérieur, de l’Outre-mer, des Collectivités territoriales et de l’Immigration (2012). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62011CJ0179.
Judgement of the Court, Case C‑18/16 K. V Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie (2017). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62016CJ0018.
Judgement of the Court, Case C-601/15 PPU J. N. v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie (2016). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62015CJ0601.
Judgement of the Court, Case C-528/15 Policie ČR, Krajské ředitelství policie Ústeckého kraje, odbor cizinecké policie v Salah Al Chodor and Others (2017). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62015CJ0528.
Judgement of the Court, Case C‑534/11 Mehmet Arslan v Policie ČR, Krajské ředitelství policie Ústeckého kraje, odbor cizinecké policie (2013). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62011CJ0534.
Kalabalık, Halil. İnsan Hakları Hukuku. 3. bs. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, 2013.
Keskin Ata, Funda. Avrupa Birliği ve İnsan Hakları. 1. bs. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi, 2013.
Konyalı, Gökçe. Uluslararası Hukukta Sığınma Hakkı. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi, 2021.
Léonard, Sarah, ve Christian Kaunert. Refugees, security and the European Union. Routledge, 2019.
Majcher, Izabella. “Creeping Crimmigration in CEAS Reform: Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Restrictions on Their Movement under EU Law”. Refugee Survey Quarterly 40, sy 1 (2021): 82-105.
Mancano, Leandro. “Mutual recognition in criminal matters, deprivation of liberty and the principle of proportionality”. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 25, sy 6 (2018): 718-32.
———. “Storming the Bastille: Detention conditions, the right to liberty and the case for approximation in EU law”. Common Market Law Review 56, sy 1 (2019).
———. “The Right to Liberty and Security in EU Criminal Law”. İçinde Fundamental Rights in the EU Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, 272-88. Cambridge University Press, 2021.
———. “The right to liberty in european union law and mutual recognition in criminal matters”. Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 18 (2016): 215-38.
Martin, Susan F., ve Andrew I. Schoenholtz. “Asylum in Practice: Successes, Failures, and the Challenges Ahead”. Geo. Immigr. LJ 14 (1999): 589-617.
Özdemi̇r, Ali. “‘Kamu Düzeni’ ve ‘Kamu Güvenliği’ Kavramlarına Analitik Bir Yaklaşım (Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşü Hakkının Sınırlandırılması Örneği)”. International Journal of Legal Progress 2, sy 2 (2016): 78-115.
Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. “Refworld | UNHCR Comments on the European Commission’s Amended Recast Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council Laying down Standards for the Reception of Asylum-Seekers”. Refworld. Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/docid/500560852.html.
Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person, 180 OJ L § (2013). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/604/oj/eng.
Report From The Commission to the European Parliament and The Council on the implementation of Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States (2020). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2020%3A270%3AFIN.
Tinsley, Alex. “The Reference in case C-396/11 Radu: When does the protection of fundamental rights require non-execution of a European arrest warrant”. Eur. Crim. L. Rev. 2 (2012): 338 - 352.
Tsourdi, Evangelia. “Asylum detention in EU law: Falling between two stools?” Refugee survey quarterly 35, sy 1 (2016): 7-28.
UN Human Rights Committee. “A. v. Australia”. Refworld. rişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.refworld.org/cases,HRC,3ae6b71a0.html.
UNHCR. “UNHCR Detention Guidelines”. UNHCR. rişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://www.unhcr.org/publications/legal/505b10ee9/unhcr-detention-guidelines.html.
Van der Mei, Anne Pieter. “The European Arrest Warrant system: Recent developments in the case law of the Court of Justice”. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 24, sy 6 (2017): 882-904.
View of Advocate General Cruz Villalón, Case C‑237/15 PPU Minister for Justice and Equality v Francis Lanigan, (2015). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=166142&doclang=EN.
View of Advocate General Sharpston, Case C‑396/11 Ministerul Public – Parchetul de pe lângă Curtea de Apel Constanţa v Ciprian Vasile Radu (2012). Erişim Tarihi: Ocak 02, 2023. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62011CC0396.
Wilsher, David. “Article 6 - Right to Liberty And Security”. İçinde The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Commentary, editör Steve Peers, Tamara Hervey, Jeff Kenner, ve Angela Ward. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013.

ISSN: 1303-2518
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2001
Yayıncı: Ankara Üniversitesi Avrupa Toplulukları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi