Tahıllardaki Tohum Depo Proteinlerinin Aspergillus ve Fusarium spp. Üzerine Etkinliği

Tohum depo proteinleri, tahıllardaki toplam proteinlerin takriben yarısını oluşturur. Bunlar insan ve çiftlik hayvanlarının beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ayrıca tahıllardaki diğer tohum depo proteinlerinin de antifungal aktiviteye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kültüre edilmiş ve yabani türlerden oluşan Triticum durum, T. aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Triticale, Oryza sativa, Avena sativa, A. sterilis, ve A. fatua tahıllarında tohum depo proteinleri özütlerinin antifungal aktiviteleri agar well difüzyon deneyiyle iki farklı bitki patojen mantar’ına Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. karşı incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, bütün tahıl protein özütlerinin çeşitli düzeylerde antifungal aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak, yabani türde olan A. fatua özütleri diğer türlerle kıyaslandığında Aspergillus ve Fusarium spp. üzerinde üst düzey bir antifungal aktiviteye sahip olmuştur. İkinci sırada ise S. cereale özütleri her iki mantar’a karşı etkili olmuştur. Buna ilaveten, Trakya O. sativa , Seydişehir A. sativa ve Tatlıcak-97 Triticale özütleri ise Fusarium spp.’ye karşı güçlü bir mantar yok edici potansiyele sahip olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, A. fatua protein özütlerinin uygulamada gıda koruyucu ajan olarak Aspergillus ve Fusarium spp.’lere karşı kullanımı düşünülebilir. Ayrıca bu protein özütlerinin diğer bileşenlerinin de ileriki çalışmalarda araştırılması düşünülebilir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Antifungal aktivite, Tahıllar, Tohum depo proteinleri

Efficacy of Seed Storage Proteins of Cereal Grains on Aspergillus and Fusarium spp.

The seed storage proteins contain almost half of the total proteins in mature cereal grains. They provide a great significance of nutritional value for human and livestock animals. Moreover, several other seed storage proteins possessing antifungal activity are characterized in cereal grains. In this study, antifungal activities of seed storage protein extracts from various cultivated and wild cereal species including Triticum durum, T. aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Triticale, Oryza sativa, Avena sativa, A. sterilis, and A. fatua, were examined on two plant pathogen fungi Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. by agar well diffusion assay. Results indicated that all protein extracts had various levels of antifungal activity; however extract of A. fatua, a wild type of Avena, had a superior antifungal activity on both Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. compared to the others. Extract of S. cereale ranged the second highest species against both fungi. In addition, extracts from Trakya O. sativa , Seydişehir A. sativa and Tatlıcak-97 Triticale had a strong fungal inhibitory potential against Fusarium spp. As a result, protein extract from A. fatua may be considered as a food preservative against Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. in practice and require further identification for its components.

Keywords:

Antifungal activity, Cereal grains, Seed storage proteins,

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