Dilara SÜLÜN, Uğur Burç YILDIZ, Anıl ÇAMYAMAÇ

Avrupa Birliği-Kanada İlişkileri: İşbirliği, Uyuşmazlıklar ve Olasılıklar

Bu makale, son on yılda önemli ölçüde gelişmiş olan Avrupa Birliği-Kanada ilişkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Avrupa Birliği ile Kanada arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiler ve güvenlik ilişkileri son on yılda, özellikle, tarafların uzun vadeli ilişkilerini de yönetecek dönüm noktaları olan Kapsamlı Ekonomi ve Ticaret Antlaşması’nın ve Stratejik Ortaklık Antlaşması’nın imzalanmasının ardından önemli ölçüde gelişmiştir. Kanada ve Danimarka arasında Hans Adası ile ilgili uyuşmazlığa ve Kanada’nın Avrupa Birliği’nin Arktik Konseyi üyeliğine devam eden muhalefetine rağmen, bu anlaşmazlıklar, makalede de analiz edildiği gibi ilişkilerdeki mevcut ilerlemeyi tehlikeye atacak derecede önemli değildir. Her iki tarafın da liberal demokrasiye, serbest piyasa ekonomisine ve çok taraflılığa olan güçlü bağlılıkları sürdükçe 21. yüzyılda, uluslararası ekonomik sorunlar ve güvenlik sorunları karşısında işbirliklerinin yoğunlaşması muhtemeldir.

European Union-Canada Relations: Cooperation, Disputes and Prospects

This paper aims to analyze European Union-Canada relations that have significantly enhanced inthe last decade. Economic and security relations between the European Union and Canada haveconsiderably improved in the last decade particularly after the conclusion of the ComprehensiveEconomic and Trade Agreement and the Strategic Partnership Agreement, which are alsomilestones that would govern the parties’ long-term relations. Despite a territorial dispute betweenCanada and Denmark regarding Hans Island, and Canada’s on-going opposition to the EuropeanUnion’s Arctic Council membership, these frictions are not significant enough to jeopardize thecurrent progress in relations, as analyzed in this paper. As long as both sides continue theirpowerful commitment to liberal democracy, free market economy and multilateralism, theircooperation is likely to intensify in the 21st century in the face of international economic andsecurity problems.

PDF

___

Bendiek, A., Georgios, M., Nock, P., Schenuit, F. & Von Daniel, L. (2018). EU-Canada Relations on the Rise: Mutual Interests in Security, Trade and Climate Change. SWP Working Paper, 3.10.2018. 1-15.
Bernasconi-Osterwalder, N. (2013). Commentary to the Draft Investment Chapter of the Canada-EU Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1-33.
Byers, M. (2009). Who Owns the Arctic? Understanding Sovereignty Disputes in the North, Quebec.
Cameron, R., Côté, D. & Graham, C. (2010). Economic Integration in Europe: Its Effects on Canada, Bank of Canada. (Access: 3.09.2020) https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2010/08/economic.pdf
CETA: EU and Canada Sign Long-Delayed Free Trade Deal. (2016). BBC. (Access: 18.08.2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37814884
Charney, J.I. & Alexander, L.M. (1996). International Maritime Boundaries, vol. I, Dordrecht.
Deblock, C. & Rioux, M. (2010). From Economic Dialogue to CETA: Canada's Trade Relations with the European Union, International Journal, 66(1). 39-56.
EU, Canada Sign Historic Trade Deal Amid Protests. (2016). Euractiv. (Access: 18.08.2020) https://www.euractiv.com/section/tradesociety/news/eu-canada-sign-historic-trade-dealamid-protests/
European Commission (2016). EU-Canada Summit: An Historic Juncture in Our Political and Economic Partnership. (Access: 27.08.2020) http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id= 1570
European Commission. (2014). Economic and Trade Relations Between the European Union and Canada. (Access: 28.08.2020) http://www.sice.oas.org/TPD/CAN_EU/Studies/trad erelations_e.pdf
European Commission. (2016). What Will the EU Gain From CETA?. (Access: 30.09.2020) https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2016/february/ tradoc_154331.pdf
European Commission. (2017). Guide to the Comprehensive Economic and (CETA). (Access: 25.10.2020) from https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2017/septemb er/tradoc_156062.pdf
European Commission. (2018). One Year on EU-Canada Trade Agreement Delivers Positive Results, (Access: 5.10.2020) https://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id =1907
European Commission. (2019). EU-Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement CETA, (Access: 22.09.2020) https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/infocus/ceta/
Evans, M.D. (1994). Less than an Ocean Apart: The St Pierre and Miquelon and Jan Mayen Islands and the Delimitation of Maritime Zones, International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 43(3), 678-696.
Fahey, E. (2017). CETA and Global Governance Law: What Kind of Model Agreement Is It Really in Law?, European Papers, 2 (1). 293-302.
Government of Canada. (2020a). Canada and the European Union, Trade and Investment. (Access: 07.09.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/worldmonde/international_relationsrelations_internationales/eu-ue/index.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2020b). Canada’s Merchandise Trade Performance with the EU after the Entry into Force of CETA. (Access: 20.10.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/tradecommerce/economist-economiste/statisticsstatistiques/eu-marchandise-ue.aspx?lang=eng
Government of Canada. (2020c). Annual Report on the State of Canada-European Union Relations. (Access: 15.11.2020) https://www.international.gc.ca/worldmonde/international_relationsrelations_internationales/can-eu_spa-aps_can-ue2020.aspx?lang=eng
Graczyk, P. & Koivurova, T. (2015). The Arctic Council. Jensen & Hønneland (Eds), In Handbook of the Politics of the Arctic, (pp:328-351).Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Gray, D.H. (1997). Canada’s Unresolved Maritime Boundaries, IBRU Boundary & Security Bulletin. 5(3). 61-70.
Highet, K., (1993). Delimitation of the Maritime Areas between Canada and France. American Journal of International Law. 87(3). 452-464.
Howe, B. & Kerry, M. (2009). The Canada-EU Turbot War of 1995 and the Cybernetic Model of DecisionMaking. The Round Table. 98(401). 161-179.
Hübner, K., Deman, A. & Balık, T. (2017). EU and Trade Policymaking: The Contentious Case of CETA. Journal of European Integration. 39(7). 843-857.
Igler, W. & Turunen, T. (2019). Transatlantic Relations: The USA and Canada. European Parliament. (Access: 2.11.2020) https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/1 74/transatlantic-relations-the-usa-and-canada
Jennings, R.Y. (1967). Acquisition of Territory in International Law. London.
Kristiansen, R. (2013). Desolate Dispute: A Study of a Hypothetical International Court of Justice (ICJ) Decision. Canadian Military Journal. 13(3). 34-41.
Kwiatkowska, B. (1999). Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada). Jurisdiction. American Journal of International Law. 93(2). 502-507.
Marston, G. (1993). St. Pierre-Miquelon Arbitration: Canada-France Maritime Delimitation Award. Marine Policy. 17(3). 155-170.
McDorman, T.L. (1990). Canada and France Agree to Arbitration for the St. Pierre and Miquelon Boundary Dispute. International Journal of Estuarine & Coastal Law. 5(4). 357-361.
NAFTA’s Legacy: Lost Jobs, Lower Wages, Increased Inequality. (2018). (Access: 17.09.2020) https://www.citizen.org/wpcontent/uploads/nafta_factsheet_deficit_jobs_wages _feb_2018_final.pdf
O’Connell, D.P. (1970). International Law. Vol. I, 2nd Edition. London.
Offerdal, K. (2011). The EU in the Arctic: In pursuit of Legitimacy and Influence, International Journal. 66(4). 861-877.
Pfeil, J. (2010). Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (Spain v Canada).. Wolfrum. (Ed), In Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law, on-line edition (Access: 4.10.2020) www.mpepil.com
Pharand, D. (1993). Delimitation Problems of Canada (Second Part). Pharand & Leanza (Eds), In The Continental Shelf and the Exclusive Economic Zone: Delimitation and Legal Regime/La plateau continental et la zone économique exclusive: délimitation et régime juridique, (pp :171-180), Dordrecht : Brill Publication
President Donald J. Trump’s United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Delivers a Historic Win for American
Workers. (2020). (Access: 15.09.2020) https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefingsstatements/president-donald-j-trumps-united-statesmexico-canada-agreement-delivers-historic-winamerican-workers/
Prime Ministry of Canada. (2016). Signing of Canada-EU Strategic Partnership Agreement. (Access: 25.08.2020) https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/backgrounders/2016/10/30/ signing-canada-eu-strategic-partnership-agreement
Raza, W., Tröster, B. & Von Arnim, R. (2016). ASSESS CETA: Assessing the Claimed Benefits of the EUCanada Trade Agreement (CETA). Austrian Foundation for Development Research. 1-52.
Rudnicki, J. (2016). The Hans Island Dispute and the Doctrine of Occupation. Studia Iuridica. 307-320.
Stevenson, C. (2007). Hans Off!: The Struggle for Hans Island and the Potential Ramifications for International Border Dispute Resolution. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review. 30(2). 263-275.
Uddin, M. (2016). Hans Island: How to Resolve the Dispute?, Current Developments in Arctic Law. 4. 30-33.
Verzijl, J.H.W. (1970). International Law in Historical Perspective: State Territory, vol. III, Leiden.