Sperm dondurma: Güncel gelişmeler

Sperm dondurma spermlerin soğutularak -196°C’de likit nitrojende saklanmasını içermektedir. Bu teknik 1960’lardan beri çiftlerin infertilitesini tedavi etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Kanser sperm dondurulmasında temel endikasyondur. Ancak, yakın zamanlarda sperm dondurma için kullanılan klinik endikasyonların alanı oldukça genişlemiştir. Buna göre sperm dondurma retrograd ejakülasyon, şiddetli oligoospermi, metabolik hastalıklar, spinal kord hasarı ve kraniyal tümörler gibi olgularda kullanılmaktadır. Bu süreç soğutma, dondurma ve ısıtma basamaklarını içermektedir. Sperm dondurma membran lipid yapısı, akrozom içeriği, sperm motilitesi, sperm canlılığı ve sperm DNA’sı üzerine negatif olarak etki edebilmektedir. Bu olumsuz etkileri önlemek için pek çok kriyoprotektan ajan kullanılmıştır. Genelde sperm dondurma sonrası gebelik oranları %12 ile %35,2 arasında değişmektedir. Bu derlemede sperm dondurma alanındaki son gelişmeler değerlendirilmiştir.

Sperm cryopreservation: Current developments

Sperm cryopreservation involves the cooling of semen samples and their storage at -196°C in liquid nitrogen. This technique has been used widely since the 1960s to treat couples with infertility. Cancer is the major indication for sperm cryopreservation. However currently, the scope of clinical indications used for sperm cryopreservation has expanded widely. In this context, sperm cryopreservation is used in patients with retrograde ejaculation, severe olgoospermia, metabolic disorders, spinal cord injury, cranial tumors. Cryopreservation process involves cooling, freezing, and thawing steps. Cryopreservation of sperm may negatively affect on membrane lipid composition, acrosome status, sperm motility, vitality and DNA damage. To prevent of this negative effects several cryoprotectants have been used. In general the pregnancy rates after sperm cryopreservation are changes between 12% and 35.2%. In this review current advances have been evaluated in the era of sperm cryopreservation.

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