Tuğba GÜNDOĞDU, YASEMİN AKDEVELİOĞLU

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Bisfenol A ve erkek üreme sağlığı

Bisfenol A (BPA) epoksi reçine yapımında ve polimer olmayan plastiklerde katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan endokrin sistem üzerine olumsuz etkileri olan bir kimyasaldır. BPA’nın dünya genelinde üretimi zaman içinde artış göstermiştir. İnsanlar genelde yiyecek ve içeceklerin kontaminasyonu ile BPA’ya maruz kalmaktadır. Östrojen ve androjen reseptörlerin işlevini ve ekspresyonunu modüle edebilen BPA hem östrojenik hem de anti-androjenik etkilere sahiptir. Bu etkilerinden dolayı erkek üreme sağlığını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Farelerin gestasyon veya yetişkinlik dönemlerinde yapılan çalışmalarda önerilen günlük alım düzeyindeki BPA miktarı ya da çevresel BPA maruziyetine eş değer verilen BPA dozları farelerde erkek üreme sağlığını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Mevcut çalışmalarda, farelerde sperm sayısında ve rezervinde, spermin epididimden geçiş süresinde ve testesteron hormon seviyesinde azalmalar gözlenmiştir. Fare çalışmaları BPA’ya özellikle utero dönemindeki maruziyetin daha büyük ve kalıcı etkilere neden olabileceğini rapor etmiştir. Nükleer morfolojideki değişikliklerin ve DNA metilasyonu gibi epigenetik mekanizmaların BPA gibi çevresel kontaminantlara yanıt olarak üreme sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilecek potansiyel mekanizmalar olabileceği düşünülmektedir. BPA ve erkek üreme sağlığı ilişkisini inceleyen insan çalışmaları ise genelde epidemiyolojik çalışmalardır ve bazı çalışmalarda idrar BPA düzeyleri anormal semen parametreleri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çalışmalarda BPA’nın steroid hormonlar üzerine etki gösterdiği de bulunmuştur. Ancak, çalışmalar bu konuda tutarsız sonuçlar vermektedir. Sonuç olarak, endokrin sistem üzerine olumsuz etkileri ile BPA çok düşük dozlarda bile erkek üreme sağlığı üzerinde ciddi düzeyde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilmektedir. İnsan çalışmaları genellikle BPA’nın yetişkin dönemindeki erkek maruziyetini ölçmüştür ve BPA’nın etkilerine daha duyarlı olabilecek erken yaşam dönemlerini kapsayan (örn., prenatal veya peripubertal dönemler gibi) çalışmalar yetersiz sayıdadır.

Bisphenol A and male reproductive health

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical used as an additive in epoxy resin making and non-polymer plastics. BPA’s worldwide production has increased over time. People are generally exposed to BPA through the contamination of food and beverages. BPA, which modulates the function and expression of estrogen and androgen receptors, has both estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects. Because of these effects, male reproductive health can be adversely affected. BPA levels given at doses equivalent to recommended daily intake or environmental exposure in gestation or adulthood studies of rats negatively affected male reproductive health in mice. In current studies, sperm count and reserve in rats, sperm epididymal transition and testosterone hormone levels decreased. Rat studies have reported that exposure to BPA, especially during the in utero period, may cause greater and more permanent effects. Changes in nuclear morphology and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are thought to be potential mechanisms that may cause adverse effects on reproductive health in response to environmental contaminants such as BPA. Human studies examining the relationship between BPA and male reproductive health are generally epidemiological studies and in some studies urinary BPA levels have been associated with abnormal sperm parameters. Studies have also shown that BPA also affects steroid hormones. However, the studies give inconsistent results in this regard. As a result, endocrine disrupting effect can cause serious adverse effects on male reproductive health even at very low doses of BPA. Human studies often measure BPA’s adult male exposure and are inadequate in studies involving early life periods (eg, prenatal or peripubertal periods), which may be more sensitive to the effects of BPA.
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Androloji Bülteni-Cover
  • ISSN: 2587-2524
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1999
  • Yayıncı: Turgay Arık
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