Yerel Yönetimler ve Göçmen Yanlısı Toplumsal Hareketler: Belediye Aktivizmi, Sığınak Kentler ve Mülteci Kentleri

Kentlerin göç ve göçmenlik alanında artan rolleri ile yerel yönetimler de kimi zaman yasal sorumlulukları gereği kimi zaman da karşılaştıkları yoğun nüfusa cevap verebilme amacıyla göçmenlere yönelik farklı uygulamalar geliştirmektedir. Bu uygulamaların başında kamusal hizmetlerin sunumu ve entegrasyon faaliyetleri gelirken, yerel yönetimlerin farklı politika girişimleri, göçmen yanlısı inisiyatifleri ve göçmenlerin aktif vatandaşlığa dahil edilmesine varan ölçeklerde geniş bir uygulama alanı mevcuttur. Bu geniş çerçevede, yerel yönetimlerin çoğunlukla ulusal yönetime ve politikaların aksine daha kapsayıcı ve çoğulcu politikalarının bir toplumsal hareket çerçevesinde değerlendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma da belediye aktivizmi tartışmaları ışığında ve yerelde politika girişimciliğinin birer örneği olarak, yerel yönetimlerin göçmen yanlılığı bakımından üstlendiği bu rollerini toplumsal hareket çerçevesinde değerlendirmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) başlayan ve daha sonra Avrupa kentlerinde de hayat bulan Sığınak Kentler hareketi ile İspanya’nın Barcelona kentinde bir dizi toplumsal hareketin bir parçası olarak değerlendirilen ve diğer Avrupa kentlerine de yayılan Mülteci Kentleri hareketini göçmen yanlısı toplumsal hareketler olarak ele alarak, bu iki hareket arasındaki ilişkiyi tartışmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yerel Yönetimler, Göçmenler, Politika Girişimciliği, Belediye Aktivizmi, Sığınak Kentler, Mülteci Kentleri

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