İSPANYA SOSYAL GÜVENLİK SİSTEMİ ve SON DÜZENLEMELERE GÖRE SERBEST MESLEK SAHİPLERİNİN/ÇALIŞANLARININ DURUMU

Sosyal güvenlik hakkı anayasal güvence altında bulunan temel haklardan biridir. Sosyal güvenlik, çalışma yaşamında kişilerin çalışmadıkları veya çalışamadıkları dönemlerin güvence altına alınması için kamu gücüyle ve genellikle zorunluluk esasına dayanan bir güvence yöntemidir. İspanya sosyal güvenlik sistemi 1880’li yıllara dayanan yapısı ile, vatandaşlarına ve ülkesinde ikamet eden yabancılara belli koşulların sağlanması ile söz konusu kamu sosyal güvenlik hizmetini sunmaktadır. İspanya sosyal güvenlik sisteminde sigortalılara ve hak sahiplerine iş kazası ve meslek hastalığı, analık, hastalık, malullük, ölüm, işsizlik, aile yardımları sigortaları kapsamında çeşitli yardımlar sunulmaktadır. Sosyal güvenlik yapısı genel rejim, serbest meslek çalışanlarına özgü rejim ve diğer özel rejimlerden oluşmaktadır. Serbest meslek çalışanlarına yönelik rejimde, 1 Ocak 2023 tarihinden itibaren geçerli olmak üzere birtakım değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Değişikliklerle birlikte genel rejime tabi olanlar ile serbest meslek rejimine ilişkin uygulamaların birbirine yakınlaştırılması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sosyal güvenlik, İspanya sosyal güvenlik sistemi, serbest meslek sahipleri, reform, Social security, social security system in Spain, self-employed persons

SPAIN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM and STATUS OF SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS/EMPLOYEE ACCORDING TO THE RECENT REGULATIONS

The right to social security is one of the fundamental rights under the constitutional guarantee. Social security is a method of guaranteeing by public power and generally on the basis of obligatory, in order to secure the periods when people do not work or cannot in working life. The Spanish social security system, with its structure dating back to the 1800s, provide the public social security service in subject under providing certain conditions to its citizens and foreigners residing in its country. Various benefits are provided to the insured and beneficiaries within the scope of work accident and occupational disease, sickness, maternity, disability, death, invalidity, unemployment, family benefits insurances in the Spanish social security system. The social security structure consists of the general regime, the regime specific to self-employed persons and other special regimes. A number of changes have been made in the regime for self-employed persons, effective from 01 January 2023. With the amendments, it is aimed to bring the practices related to the general regime and the self-employed regime closer to each other.

Keywords:

Social security, social security system in Spain, self-employed persons,

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