Yield of Brassica napus L. hybrids developed using resynthesised rapeseed material

Farklı B. rapa ve B. oleracea genotipleri arasında yapılan türler arası melezlemeler sonucunda geliştirilen türlerarası kolza melezleri mevcut gen havuzunu önemli derecede zenginleştirme ve tane verimi, tane kalite özellikleri, hastalık ve zararlılara dayanıklılık yönünde yapılacak ıslah çalışmaları için önemli genetik materyal sağlama potansiyeline sahiptirler. Bundan başka, türlerarası melez kolza genotipleri hibrit ıslahı için de önemlidirler, çünkü genetik olarak farklı materyalin melezlenmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan heterosis etkileri daha yüksek olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, türler arası melez kolza bitkileri ile yapılan çalışmalar türlerarası melezlemelerden gelen ilk generasyon bitkilerin düşük tane verimine sahip olduğunu göstermişstir. Bu gibi temel materyalin ticari ıslah programlarında kullanılması tür içi hibritlerin – yani yarı sentetik hibritler – gelistirilmesi ve onların geriye melezlenmeleri ile sınırlıdır. Farklı kolza materyalinin genel kombinasyon yeteneğini belirlemek için 9 adet yüksek erusik asit içeriğine sahip türlerarası melez kolza ve üç eski yazlık kolza çesidi 00 kalitesine sahip erkek kısır hatların melezlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen deneme hibritleri tane verimleri yönünden Rauischholzhausen/Almanya da yürütülen iki yıllık tarla denemeleri sonucunda türlerarası melez kolza bitkileri kullanılarak geliştirilen kolza hibritlerinin yüksek verim potansiyeline sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Geliştirilen kolza hibritlerinden kontrol çeşidi olan Senatöre göre % 1-15 kadar daha fazla verim elde edilmiştir. Türlerarası kolza melezlerinin hibritlerin gelistirilmesinde kullanılması ve bu materyalin kolza ıslah programlarında kullanılması iki yıllık veriler kullanılarak tartışılacaktır.

Türlerarasi melez kolza materyali kullanılarak geliştirilen Brassica napus hibritlerinin verimi

Resynthesised (RS) rapeseed genotypes developed through interspecific crosses between diverse B. rapa and B. oleracea genotypes have the potential to significantly increase the available gene pool and provide important basic germplasm for further improvements of seed yield, seed quality traits, disease and pest resistance. Furthermore, RS rapeseed is potentially of great interest for hybrid breeding, since heterosis effects are higher in crosses of genetically distant materials. On the other hand, previous studies with RS material showed that raw amphidiploids derived from interspecific hybridisations are usually rather low yielding. The utilisation of such basic germplasm in commercial variety-breeding programmes is restricted to the development of intraspecific hybrids, so-called semi-synthetic rapeseed, and backcross progenies thereof. In order to determine the general combining ability (GCA) of different rapeseed material, nine high-erucic acid RS lines and three old spring rapeseed cultivars were used as pollinators of male-sterile double-low spring rapeseed lines (MSL system). Yield performance of the single-cross hybrids were tested in a two year field trial in Rauischholzhausen/Germany that revealed a high yield potential of semi-synthetic rapeseed hybrids based on RS lines. Developed test hybrids showed 1-15 % more yield compared with the control cultivar Senator. The use of such resynthesised rapeseed forms in developing hybrids and their possible use in future oilseed breeding is discussed based on two year results.

PDF

___

Ali, M., Copeland, L.O., Elias, S.G., Kelly, J.D., 1995. Relationship between genetic distance and heterosis for yield and morphological traits in winter canola (Brassica napus L.). Theor. Appl. Genet., 91: 118-121.
Anonymous, 2000. Bundessortenamt. Beschreibende Sortenliste 2000. Getreide, Mais, Ölfrüchte, Leguminosen, Hackfrüchte. Landbuchverlag.
Becker, H.C., 1987. Quantitative Genetik und Zuchtmethodik bei Raps – Versuch einer Literaturübersicht. In: Bericht d. AG d. Saatzuchtleiter, Bundesversuchsanstalt für alpenländische Landwirtschaft, Gumpenstein, 67-82.
Becker, H.C., 1993. Pflanzenzüchtung. EUGEN Ulmer Verlag. Uni Taschenbücher 1744. 327 pp.
Becker, H.C., Enqvist, G.M., 1995. The potential of resynthesised rapeseed for hybrid breding. Proc 9th Int Rapeseed Congress. 4-7 July 1995. Cambridge UK, 113-115.
Becker H.C., Engqvist G.M., Karlsson, B., 1995. Comparison of rapeseed cultivars and resynthesized lines based on allozyme and RFLP markers. Theor. Appl. Genet., 91: 62-67.
Brandle, J., McVetty P.B.E., 1989. Heterosis and combining ability in hybrids derived from oilseed rape cultivars and inbred lines. Crop. Sci., 29: 1191-1195.
Brandle, J.E., McVetty P.B.E., 1990. Geographical diversity, parental selection and heterosis in oilseed rape. Can. J. Plant Sci., 70: 935-940.
Butruille, D.V., Guries R.P., Osborn T.C., 1999. Increasing yield of spring oilseed rape hybrids through introgression of winter germplasm. Theor. Appl. Genet., 39: 1491-1496.
Buzza, G.C., 1995. Plant Breeding. In: Brassica Oilseeds – Production and Utilization. Kimber, D. , Mc Gregor D.J. (Eds.), CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
Chen, B.Y., Heneen, W.K., 1989. Resynthesized Brassica napus L.: a review of ist potential in breeding and genetic analysis. Hereditas, 111: 255-263.
Diers, B.W., Mc Vetty P.B.E., Osborn, T.C., 1995. Relationship between heterosis and genetic distance based on restriction fragment length polymorphism markers in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Crop Sci., 36: 79-83.
Enqvist, G.M., Becker H.C., 1991. Heterosis and epistasis in rapeseed estimated from generation means. Euphytica, 58: 31-35.
Friedt, W., Lühs W., Müller M., Ordon, F., 2003. Utility of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and new breeding lines for low-input cropping systems. German J. Agron., 2: 49-55.
Girke A., Becker, H.C., Enqvist, G.M., 1999. Resynthesised rapeseed as a new gene pool for hybrid breeding. 10th International Rapeseed Congress. 26-29 September.Canberra Australia. CD-Rom.
Girke, A, 2002. Neue Genpools aus resynthetisiertem Raps für die Hybridzüchtung. Dissertation. FB Agrarwissenschaften. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.
Girke, A., Becker, H.C., 2002. Neue Genpools aus resynthetisiertem Raps für die Hybridzüchtung. Vortr. Pflanzenzüchtg, 54: 489-492.
Grant, I., 1984. Heterosis and and cytoplasmaticgenetic male sterility in oilseed rape. (Brassica napus L.). Ph.D. Diss. Univ. Guelph, Guelph, Ontario (Diss. Abstr. 46-419B).
Grant, I., Beversdorf, W.D., 1985. Heterosis and combining ability estimates in spring-planted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Genet. Cytol., 27: 472-478.
Halden, C., Bryngelsson, T., Bosemark, N.O., 1988. Two new types of cytoplasmatic male sterility found in wild Beta beets.Theor. Appl. Genet., 75: 561-568 .
Jarl, C.I., Ljungberg, U.K., Bornmann, C.H., 1988. Correction of chlorophyll-defective male-sterile winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) through organell exchange: Characterisation of the chlorophyll deficiencys. Pysiologica Plantarum, 72: 505-510.
Kimber DS, McGregor DI (1995) The species and their origin, cultivation and world production. In: Kimber D, McGregor DI (Eds) Brassica Oilseeds: Production and Utilization. CABI Publishing, UK,1-9.
Kodowaki, K., Osumi, T., Nemoto, H., Harad, K., Shinjyo, C., 1988. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in male sterile cytoplasm of rice. Theor. Appl. Genet., 75: 234-236.
Kräling, K., 1987. Utilization of genetic variability of resynthesized rapeseed. Plant Breeding, 99: 209-217.
Laughnan, J.R., Gabay-Laughnan, S., 1983. Cytoplasmatic male sterility in maize. Ann. Rev. Genet., 17: 27-48.
Lefort-Buson, M., Guillot-Lemoine B., DatteeY., 1987. Heterosis and combining ability estimates in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Gent. Cytol., 27: 472-478.
Léon, J., 1991. Heterosis and mixing effects in winter oilseed rape. Crop. Sci., 31: 281-284.
Lühs, W., 1996. Genetisch-analytische Untersuchungen zur Züchtung von Raps (Brassica napus L.) mit maximalem Erucasäure-Gehalt im Samenöl als industrieller Rohstoff. Dissertation, FB Agrarwissenschaften und Umweltsicherung, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen. Wissenschaftl. Fachverl. Dr. Fleck, Niederkleen. 164 S.
Lühs, W., Friedt, W., 1999. Entwicklung von neuartigem Ausgangsmaterial für die Züchtung von Raps (Brassica napus L.) durch experimentelle Resynthese. Vortr. Pflanzenzüchtg., 45: 43-61.
Lühs, W., Seyis F., Voss, A., Friedt W., 2000a: Genetics of erucic acid content in Brassica oleracea seed oil. Czech. J. Gene. Plant Breeding, 36: 116-120.
Lühs, W., Seyis, F., Friedt, W., 2000b. Development of novel resynthesised Brassica napus as a genetic resource for rapeseed improvement. Brassica 2000 – 3rd ISHS International Symposium on Brassicas and 12th Crucifer Genetics Workshop, 5-9 September 2000, HRI Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK, Book of Abstracts. Poster p015.
Lühs, W., Seyis, F., Snowdon, R., Baetzel, R., Friedt, W., 2002. Genetic improvement of Brassica napus by wide hybridisation. GCIRC Bull., 18: 227-234.
Makowski, N., 2000. Ölfrüchte. In: Norbert Lütke E., Oehmichen, J. (Eds.), Lehrbuch des Pflanzenbaues. Band 2: Kulturpflanzen.. Th. Mann Verlag.
Paulmann, W., Frauen, M., 1991. Einsatz von biotechnologischen Verfahren in der praktischen Rapszüchtung. 42. Arbeitstagg., Arbeitsgemein. der Saatzuchtleiter, Vereinig. Österreich. Pflanzenzüchter, 26.-28. Nov. 1991, Gumpenstein, 173-182.
Paulmann, W., Frauen, M., 1998. Erfahrungsbericht zur Entwicklung und Saatguterzeugung von restaurierten Winterraps-Hybridsorten. Bericht über die 48. Tagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Saatzuchtleiter. BAL Gumpenstein 25.-27. November 1997.
Renard, M., Delourme, R., Vallee, P., Pierre, J., 1997. Hybrid rapesed breeding and production. Acta Hortculturae, 459: 583-591.
Schuster, W., Michael, J., 1976. Investigations into breeding depressions and heterosis effects in rape (Brassica napus oleifera). Z. Pflanzenzüchtung, 80: 277-298.
Schuster W.H., Lochow, J.V., 1991. Anlage und Auswertung von Feldversuchen. Anleitung und Beispiele für die Praxis der Versuchsarbeit. Buchedition Agrimedia, pp. 231.
Sernyk, J.L., Stefansson, B.R., 1983. Heterosis in summer rape. (Brassica napus L.). Can. J. Plant Sci., 63: 407-413.
Seyis, F., Friedt, W., Lühs, W., 2001. Resynthese- Raps (Brassica napus L.) als genetische Ressource für die Qualitäts- und Ertragszüchtung. In: K. Hammer und T. Gladis (Eds.), Nutzung genetischer Ressourcen – ökologischer Wert der Biodiversität. Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen, Bd. 16, pp. 91-112. Zentralstelle für Agrardokumentation und -information (ZADI), Informationszentrum Genetische Ressourcen (IGR), Bonn (http://www.dainet.de:8080/IGRREIHE/IGRREI HE/DDD/16-11.pdf).
Seyis, F., Snowdon, R.J., Lühs, W., Friedt, W., 2003. Molecular characterization of novel resynthesized rapeseed (Brassica napus) lines and analysis of their genetic diversity in comparison with spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant Breeding, 122: 473-478.
Song, K., Tang, K., Osborn, T.C., 1995. Development of synthetic Brassica amphidiploids by reciprocal hybridization and comparison to natural amphidiploids. Theor. Appl. Genet., 86: 811-821.
Wricke, G., Weber, W.E., 1986. Quantitative Genetics and Selection in Plant Breeding. W. De Gruyter, Berlin, 406 pp.