Yarı kurak bölgelerde sentetik açıklıklı radar (mikrodalga) görüntüleri ile toprak neminin tahmini

Toprak neminin konumsal ve zamansal olarak dağılımı, kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde kuraklık izlemesi, ürün sulama planlaması, ürün tahmini gibi havza seviyesindeki tarımsal uygulamalarda anahtar bir parametredir. Ayrıca, radar uydu görüntüleri çeşitli bölgeler için toprak ve bitki örtüsü dağılımının mekânsal ve zamansal olarak ortaya konulmasını sağlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Aktif mikrodalga sensör sistemleri kullanarak yüzey toprağı neminin tahmini araştırmacılar, koruma planlamacıları ve doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir kullanımını izleyen karar vericiler için yararlı bilgilerden biridir. Bu çalışma, yarı kurak iklime sahip Altınova Tarım İşletmesi arazisinde seçilen altmış dört kilometrekarelik test alanı topraklarında yürütülmüştür. Dört farklı zamanda elde edilen Sentetik Açıklıklı Radar (SAR) görüntülerinin gerisaçılım değerleri (Radarsat-2) ve yüzey toprağı nemi arasındaki ilişki belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Altınova Tarım İşletmesine ait dört SAR görüntüsü (4 tane Radarsat-2 görüntüsü) kullanılmıştır. Eş zamanlı olarak, 730 farklı noktada 250 m aralıklarla yüzey toprak örnekleri 0-20 cm’den alınmış ve çalışma alanı boyunca gravimetrik yöntem kullanılarak yüzey toprağının nemi belirlenmiştir. Her örnekleme periyodu için yüzey toprağı nem dağılım haritaları ordinary kriging kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Toprak nem dağılım haritalarına göre Ağustos verileri, çalışma alanı boyunca diğer örnekleme dönemlerine kıyasla yüzey toprağı neminde en fazla değişiklikleri göstermiştir. Bu nedenle çalışma alanı boyunca gerisaçılma (Ağustos 2012 Radarsat-2 verilerinden elde edilen) ile toprak nemi içeriği arasındaki ilişkinin diğer SAR veri sonuçlarından daha iyi olduğu bulunmuştur (r=0.506, p<0.05).

Estimation of soil moisture by synthetic aparture radar (microwave) images in semi arid regions

Spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture is a key parameter for agricultural applications at watershed level such as drought monitoring, crop irrigation scheduling, and yield estimations in arid and semi-arid regions. Moreover, radar satellite imagery systems have been used to figure out soil and vegetation distributions spatially and temporally for various regions. Estimation of surface soil moisture using active microwave sensor systems is among useful information for researchers, conservation planners, and decision makers pursuing sustainable use of natural resources. This study was carried out at the soils of selected sixty-four square kilometers test site in Altınova State Farm. It was aimed to determine the relationship between the surface soil moisture and the backscatter values of SAR images (Radarsat-2) obtained four different times. To that end, four SAR images (4 Radarsat-2 images) from Altınova State Farm were used. Surface soil samples were collected simultaneously from 0-20 cm depth at 730 different points with 250 m-intervals, and soil moisture was determined using gravimetric method throughout the study area. In regards to each sampling period, surface soil moisture distribution maps were produced using ordinary kriging method. Considering the soil moisture distribution maps the data obtained in August indicated the most alterations in the surface soil moisture throughout the study area in comparison to the other sampling periods. Therefore, it was revealed that the relationship between backscattering (obtained from Radarsat-2 data in August, 2012) and soil moisture content was better than the other SAR data results (r=0.506, p<0.05).

Keywords:

Soil moisture, Radarsat-2 Spatial Variability,

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