Türkiye’de istilacı kahverengi kokarcanın [Halyomorpha Halys Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)] yerli yumurta parazitoiti Telenomus Turesis (Walker)’in ilk kaydı

Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Doğu Asya (Çin, Japonya, Kore ve Tayvan) kökenli bir türdür ve doğal yaşam alanlarında önemli bir polifag zararlı olup, yayılış gösterdiği alanları kısa zaman içerisinde yüksek bir popülasyon meydana getirerek istila etmekte ve tarımsal üretim için önemli bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Türkiye’de özellikle Karadeniz sahil şeridi boyunca yayılış gösterdiği alanlar içerisinde başta fındık olmak üzere pek çok üründe önemli kalite ve verim kaybına sebep olabilir. Bu çalışma, Sakarya’da farklı habitatlarda H. halys'in yerli yumurta parazitoitlerini ve bu türlerin etkinliklerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, arazi şartlarında elde edilen bir günlük yaştaki 20 yumurta paketi (600 yumurta) 9 farklı lokasyonda farklı bitkilere asılmış ve 4 gün sonra toplanarak laboratuvara getirilmiştir. Toplanan yumurtaların genel parazitlenme oranı %7,5 olmasına rağmen, bu yumurtalardan başarılı bir şekilde yalnızca üç parazitoit çıkışı meydana gelmiştir. Morfolojik olarak teşhisleri yapılan bu parazitoitler, sitokrom c oksidaz alt birim I genine (CO1) dayalı moleküler teşhis ile doğrulanarak, Telenomus turesis (Walker) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Halyomorpha halys’in yerli yumurta parazitoit türü, bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de ilk kez rapor edilmektedir. Bu kapsamda istilacı türün ülkemizde yayılış gösterdiği alanlarda doğal düşman faunasının araştırılması, mücadele için önemli aşamalardan birisi olup daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ek olarak, uzun vadeli sürdürülebilir yaklaşım olan klasik biyolojik mücadele kapsamında, ithalatı gerçekleştirilen Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead)’un hızlı ve kontrollü bir şekilde kitlesel üretimine geçilmesi ve salımı yüksek derece önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Türkiye, İstilacı tür, Pis kokulu böcek, Biyolojik mücadele, Doğal düşman

First record of Telenomus turesis (Walker), native egg parasitoid of invasive brown marmorated stink bug [Halyomorpha halys stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)] in Turkey

Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a native insect to East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan), and the insect, which is an important polyphagous pest in its natural habitat, invades areas where it poses a significant threat to crop production, establishing a large population in a short period. It may significantly decrease the yield and quality on many products, as well as hazelnuts, especially in areas where it spreads along Turkey's Black Sea coastline. The purpose of this research is to determine the native egg parasitoids of H. halys and their effectiveness in various habitats in Sakarya. For this reason, 20 egg masses (600 eggs) of H. halys at < 24 h-old obtained under field conditions were exposed to field condition on different plants in 9 different locations, and these were carried to the laboratory, collecting 4 days after field exposure. Despite the fact that the overall parasitism rate of the collected eggs was 7.5%, only three parasitoids emerged successfully from these eggs. These parasitoids were identified morphologically as Telenomus turesis (Walker), which was confirmed by molecular identification using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (CO1). With this study, the native egg parasitoid species was reported for the first time in Turkey. One of the critical stages of the management is the investigation of natural enemy fauna in areas in which invasive species have spread in Turkey, and additional studies are needed. Furthermore, quick and controlled mass production and release of imported Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) is critical within the framework of classical biological control, which is a long-term sustainable method.

Keywords:

Turkey, Invasive species, Stink bug, Biological control, Natural enemy,

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