Şeker pancarı tohumlarında depolama koşullarının ve süresinin çimlenme üzerine etkileri

Yüksek verim ve kaliteye sahip şeker pancarı üretimi için kaliteli tohumluk kullanılması esastır. Şeker pancarı tohumları ya ham (işlenmemiş) ya da işlenmiş olarak depolanmaktadır. Tohumlarda depolama ömrü, tohum üretimi sırasında uygulanan kültürel işlemler, çevresel faktörler, çeşit özelliği, tohumun kimyasal içeriği, tohum olgunluk durumundan etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de üretimi yapılan şeker pancarı tohumlarının 17 yıl süre ile depolanmasının çimlenme oranları üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Hasat edildiklerinde %12 nem içeriğine sahip olan tohumlar, sıcaklığı ve nemi kontrol edilmeyen depolarda saklanmıştır. Depo sıcaklıkları Aralık (1 oC), Ocak (2 oC) ve Şubat (3 oC) aylarında en düşük olurken, Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında 29 oC’ye yükselmiştir. Deponun nisbi nemi Ocak ayında %69 ,Temmuz ve Eylül aylarında ise %22 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Üretiminden sonra 17 yıl süre ile saklanan 12 partiye ait ham tohumlarda en yüksek çimlenme oranları %92 ile 3, 6 ve 7 nolu partilerden elde edilmiş ve 3 partiye ait işlenmiş tohumlarda ise %93-95 arasında değişmiştir. Uzun süre depolanan tohumların sera testlerinde bütün tohum partilerinde çimlenme oranlarına ait değerler %82 ile %94 arasında elde edilmiştir. Tohumların tarla çıkış oranları laboratuvar ve sera çimlenme testleri ile bir paralellik göstermiş ve çimlenme oranları %88 ile %90 arasında değişmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Şeker pancarı tohumları, Depolama, Tohum ömrü, Çimlenme oranı

It is essential to use quality seeds for the production of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with high yield and quality standards. Sugar beet seeds are stored either raw (unprocessed) or processed form. Logetivity of seeds in storage is affected by cultural processes applied during seed production, environmental factors, genetic characteristics of the variety, chemical content of the seed, and seed maturity status. In this study, the effects of storage period of 17 years on germination of stored sugar beet seeds produced in Turkey were investigated. When harvested, seeds with a moisture content of 12% were stored in storage whose temperature and humidity parameters were not controlled. While storage temperatures were the lowest in December (1 oC), January (2 oC) and February (3 oC), it increased to 29 oC in July and August. The relative humidity of the storage was 69% in January and 22% in July and September. The highest germination rate of raw seeds, which were stored for 17 years after production was obtained as 92% from the lots 3, 6 and 7 and 93-95% in processed seeds of these 3 lots. In the greenhouse tests of stored seeds, the values of germination rates in all seed lots were obtained between 82% and 94%. Field emergence rates of seeds showed a parallelism with laboratory and greenhouse germination tests, germination rates varying between 88% and 90%.

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