Mısırın F1 ve F2 nesillerinde bitki verimi ve bazı kalite özellikleri için heritabilite ve heterosis analizleri

Bu çalışma mısırda bazı önemli tane kalite özellikleri ile tane veriminin genetik analizlerini yapmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada sekiz ebeveyn hat ve bunlara ait 6 adet hibrit, materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri 2013 yılında iki ayrı lokasyonda (Çanakkale ve Bursa) yürütülmüştür. Gözlemlenen özellikler tek bitki verimi, protein oranı ve yağ oranıdır. Verilerin analizinde eklemeli, dominans ve eklemeli × eklemeli modeller kullanılmıştır. Varyans bileşen analizleri, tek bitki veriminin dominans gen etkilerinin, protein ve yağ oranlarının ise eklemeli genlerin kontrolü altında olduğunu göstermiştir. Protein ve yağ oranı için geniş (H2) ve dar anlamda (h2) kalıtım dereceleri yüksek (>%60) bulunmuştur. Tek bitki verimi ve yağ oranı için F1 neslinin ortalaması F2 neslinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Hibritlerin büyük kısmı tek bitki verimi için anaç ortalamalarına (Hmp) ve üstün anaca (Hbp) göre pozitif heterosis gösterir iken, protein oranı için negatif heterosise sahip olmuşlardır. Bir melez (A680×IHO) dışında, bütün melezlerin Hmp değerleri pozitif bulunmuştur.

Heterosis and heritability analyses for plant yield and some quality traits in F1 and F2 generations of maize

This study was conducted to analyze the genetic effects for grain yield and some important kernel quality traits in maize. Eight parental lines and their six hybrids were used as plant material. Field experiments to evaluate plant material were carried out in two locations (Çanakkale and Bursa) in 2013. The observed traits were single plant yield, protein content and oil content. Additive, dominance and additive × additive models were utilized to analyze the data. Variance component estimations showed that single plant yield was under the control of dominance type gene action; while protein and oil content were controlled by additive type gene action. High values (>60%) of broad (H2) and narrow sense (h2) heritabilities were observed for protein and oil content. The mean of F1 generation for single plant yield and oil content were higher than the mean of F2 generation for these traits. Most of hybrids had positive mid parent heterosis (Hmp) and better parent heterosis (Hbp) for single plant yield, while they had negative heterosis values for protein content. Except for one cross (A680×IHO), all of crosses had positive Hmp values for oil content.

Keywords:

Protein, Oil Genetic analysis, Zea mays,

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