Lactarius pyrogalus’un değişik inokulum uygulamalarının fındıkta (Corylus avellana) bitki gelişimi üzerine etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı Corylus avellana (fındık) ile ektomikorizal ilişkisi bulunan Lactarius pyrogalus mantar türüne ait vejetatif ve sıvı inokulum uygulamalarının fındık fidanlarının gelişimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada 7 farklı inokulum uygulaması ele alınmış ve her bir uygulama için 5 adet fidan yetiştirilmiştir. Fidanlarda 3 aylık yetiştirme periyodunun sonunda, ektomikoriza oluşumu ve bitki gelişimi değerlendirilmiştir. İnokule edilmeyen kontrol uygulamasındaki fidanlar hariç, tüm inokulum uygulamalarında ektomikoriza oluşumu gözlenmiştir. Farklı inokulum uygulamalarına ait fidanlarda bitki boyu, gövde çapı, kök uzunluğu, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, toplam bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök:sürgün oranı, kök ve sürgün kuru madde içeriği belirlenmiştir. Farklı inokulum uygulamalarının kök:sürgün oranı ve sürgün kuru madde içeriği hariç, incelenen diğer özellikler üzerine etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Bitki gelişim parametreleri ve mikorizal aşılama etkinliği (MAE) birlikte değerlendirildiğinde en iyi sonuçlar şekersiz Modifiye Edilen Melin-Norkrans (MMN) besin ortamı ile nemlendirilen ve vejetatif inokulumun kullanıldığı uygulamadan elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, L. pyrogalus’un farklı inokulumları kullanılarak yapılan inokulasyonun fındık fidanlarının gelişimine olumlu katkılar sağladığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bitki gelişimi, Corylus avellana; ektomikorizal ilişki; inokulum; Lactarius pyrogalus

The effects of various inoculum applications of Lactarius pyrogalus on the plant growth in hazelnut (Corylus avellana)

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of vegetative and liquid inoculum applications of Lactarius pyrogalus, an ectomycorrhizal mushroom associated with hazelnut (Corylus avellana), on the growth of hazelnut seedlings. In the study, 7 different inoculum applications were examined and 5 seedlings were grown for each application. At the end of the cultivation period of 3 months, ectomycorrhizae formation and plant growth in the seedlings were evaluated. Ectomycorrhizal formation was observed in all inoculum applications, except for non-inoculated seedlings in the control application. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, root wet and dry weight, shoot wet and dry weight, total plant dry weight, root:shoot ratio, root and shoot dry matter content in seedlings belonging to different inoculum applications were determined. The effect of different inoculum applications on all other properties examined except for root:shoot ratio and shoot dry matter content was found statistically significant. When the plant growth parameters and mycorrhizal inoculation efficiency (MIE) were evaluated together, the best results were obtained from the application which was moistened with without sugar Modified Melin-Norkrans (MMN) nutrient medium and used vegetative inoculum. As a result, it was determined that inoculation made by using different inoculums of L. pyrogalus provided positive contributions to the growth of hazelnut seedlings.

PDF

___

Akitsu, N., Hattori, T., Seo, G.S., Ohta, A., Shimada, M., 2000. A possible role of oxalate produced in the symbiotic culture system with a host plant Pinus densiflora and a mycorrhizal fungus Lactarius hatsudake. Wood Research, 87: 13-14.

Alves, J.R., Souza, O., Podlech, P.A.S., Giachini, A.J., Oliveira, V.L., 2001. Effect of ectomycorrhizal inoculum produced by solid state fermentation on growth of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 36(2): 307-313.

Bagyaraj, D.J., Manjunath, A., Govida, V.S., 1998. Mycorrhizal inoculation effect on marigold, eggplant and citrus in an Indian soil. Journal of Soil Biology & Ecology, 8: 98-103.

Borchers, J.G., Perry, D.A., 1992. The influence of soil texture and aggregation on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in southwest Oregon forests and clearcuts. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 22: 298-305.

Branzanti, M.B., Rocca, E., Pisi, A., 1999. Effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi on chestnut ink disease. Mycorrhiza, 9(2): 103-109.

Brundrett, M., Bougher, N., Dell, B., Grove, T., Malajczuk, N., 1996. Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, pp. 374.

Brunner, I., Brodbeck, S., 2001. Response of mycorrhizal Norway spruce seedlings to various nitrogen loads and sources. Environmental Pollution, 114: 223-233.

Daza, A., Manjon, J.L., Camacho, M., Romero de la Osa, L., Aguilar, A., Santamaria, C., 2006. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH and temperature on in vitro culture of several isolates of Amanita caesarea (Scop.:Fr.) Pers. Mycorrhiza, 16(2): 133-136.

Eltrop, L., Marschner, H., 1996. Growth and mineral nutrition of non-mychorizal and mychorizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings grown in semi-hydroponic sand culture. І. Growth and mineral nutrient uptake in plants supplied with different forms of nitrogen. New Phytologist, 133: 469-478.

Fries, N., 1987. The third benefactors' lecture: ecological and evolutionary aspects of spore germination in the higher basidiomycetes. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 88: 1-7.

González-Ochoaa, A.I., Herasa, J., Torres, P., Sánchez-Gómeza, E., 2003. Mycorrhization of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinaster Aiton seedlings in two commercial nurseries. Annals of Forest Science, 60: 43-48.

Guerin-Laguette, A., Conventi, S., Ruiz, G., Plassard, C., Mousain, D., 2003. The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Lactarius deliciosus and Pinus sylvestris in forest soil samples: symbiotic efficiency and development on roots of a rDNA internal transcribed spacer-selected isolate of L. deliciosus. Mycorrhiza, 13(1): 17-25.

Guerin-Laguette, A., Shindo, K., Matsushita, N., Suzuki, K., Lapeyrie, F., 2004. The mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake stimulates Pinus densiflora seedling growth in vitro. Mycorrhiza, 14: 397-400.

Hattori, T., Akitsu, N., Seo, G.S., Ohta, A., Shimada, M., 2000. Mechanisms for Ectomycorrhizae Synthesis. (Part I). The Production of Organic Acids during the Symbiotic Cultivation of Pinus densiflora Associated with Lactarius hatsudake. Annual Report of Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, 18: 121-127.

Heilmann-Clausen, J., Verbeken, A., Vesterholt, J., 2000. The Genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe. In: Laessoe J.H. Petersen, S.A. Elborne (eds.), Vol. 2, Denmark.

Isaac, S., 1992. Fungal Plant Interactions. Chapman and Hall, London, UK, pp. 418.

Jonathan, S.G., Fasidi, I.O., 2003. Requirements for vegetative growth of Tricholoma lobayensis (Heim), a Nigerian edible fungus. Advances in Food Sciences, 25(3): 91-95.

Jumpponen, A., Trappe, J.M., 1998. Performance of Pinus contorta inoculated with two strains of root endophytic fungus Phialocephala fortinii: effects of resynthesis system and glucose concentration. Canadian Journal of Botany, 76: 1205-1213.

Kacar, B., 1994. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri. Ankara Üni. Zir. Fak. Eğitim, Araş. ve Gel. Vak. Yay. No: 3.

Kibar, B., 2009. Bazı Yenilebilir Ektomikorizal Mantar Türlerinin Kültüre Alınması Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi. O.M.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun.

Kibar, B., Pekşen, A., 2011. Lactarius pyrogalus mantar türünün farklı izolatlarının ve inokulasyon uygulamalarının fındık (Corylus avellana) fidanında ektomikoriza oluşumu ve fidan gelişimi üzerine etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 7(2): 89-104.

Landeweert, R., Hoffland, E., Roger, D., Finlay, R.D., Kuyper, T.W., Bremen, N., 2001. Linking plants to rocks, ectomycorrhizal fungi mobilize nutrients from minerals. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16(5): 248-254.

Lu, X., Malajczuk, N., Dell, B., 1998. Mycorrhiza formation and growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings inoculated with spores of various ectomycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhiza, 8(2): 81-86.

Marx, D.H., Artman, J.D., 1978. Growth and Ectomycorrhizal Development of Loblolly pine Seedlings in Nursery Soil Infested with Pisholithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris in Virginia. USDA Forest Service Research Note, SE-256, pp. 4.

Morte, A., Lovisolo, C., Schubert, A., 2000. Effect of drought stress on growth and water relations of the mycorrhizal association Helianthemum almeriense-Terfezia claveryi. Mycorrhiza, 10: 115-119.

Nunez, J.A.D., Serrano, J.S., Barreal, H.A.R., Gonzales, J.A.S.O., 2006. Ectomycorrhizal Status of Norway Spruce Seedlings from Bare-Root Forest Nurseries. Forest Ecology and Management, 231: 226-233.

Parlade, J., Pera, J., Luque, J., 2004. Evaluation of mycelial inocula of edible Lactarius species for the production of Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris mycorrhizal seedlings under greenhouse conditions. Mycorrhiza, 14(3): 171-176.

Quoreshi, A.M., Timmer, V.R., 1998. Exponential fertilization increases nutrient uptake and ectomycorrhizal development of black spruce seedlings. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 28(5): 674-682.

Repac, I., 2007. Ectomycorrhiza formation and growth of Picea abies seedlings inoculated with alginate-bead fungal inoculum in peat and bark compost substrates. Forestry, 80(5): 517-530.

Rincon, A., Álvarez, I.F., Pera, J., 1999. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Pinus pinea L. in Northeastern Spain. Mycorrhiza, 8: 271-276.

Souza, L.A.B., Filho, G.N.S., Oliveira, V.L., 2004. Efficiency of ectomycorrhizal fungi on phosporus uptake and eucalypt growth promotion. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 39(4): 349-355.

Sundari, K.S., Adholeya, A., 2003. Growth profile of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelium: emphasis on substrate pH influence. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 83(3): 209-214.

Sylvia, D.M., Hammond, L.C., Bennett, J.M., Haas, J.H., Linda, S.B., 1993. Field response of maize to VAM fungus and water management. Agronomy Journal, 85(2): 193-198.

Thomson, B.D., Grove, T.S., Malajczuk, N., Hardy, G.E.S.J., 1994. The effectiviness of ectomycorrhizal fungi in increasing the growth of Eucalyptus globulus Labill in relation to root colonization and hyphal development in soil. New Phytologist, 126(3): 517-524.

Torres, P., 1992. Estudio de las micorrizas de pino carrasco (Pinus halepensis Miller), Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia.

Turjaman, M., Tamai, Y., Segah, H., Limin, S.H., Osaki, M., Tawaray, K., 2006. Increase in early growth and nutrient uptake of Shorea seminis seedlings inoculated with two ectomycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 18(4): 243-249.

Tüfekçi, S., 2007. Doğal Populasyonlardaki Toros Sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Mikorizasının İzole Edilmesi ve Çoğaltılıp Fidan Üretiminde Kullanılması. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana.

Yamada, A., Maeda, K., Ohmasa, M., 1999. Ectomycorrhiza formation of Tricholoma matsutake isolates on seedlings of Pinus densiflora in vitro. Mycoscience, 40: 455-463.