Türkiye’deki bir sığınmacı kampında yaşayan bir grup çocuk ve ergende gözlenen duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar

Amaç: Sığınmacı çocukların sığınma öncesi ve sığınma sonrası karşılaştıkları olumsuz yaşantılar nedeniyle psiki-yatrik sorunlar açısından risk altında oldukları bilinmektedir. En fazla sığınmacıyı barındıran ülke konumundaki Türkiye’de 1.4 milyona yakın çocuk sığınmacı olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki bir sığınmacı kampında yaşayan Ezidi çocuk ve ergenlerin duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar açısından değerlendirilmesi amaç-lanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmacı tarafından kamptaki geçici eğitim merkezinde gönüllü olarak çalışan eğiticilerle görüşülmüş, merkeze gitmekte olan çocuklar ve ailelerine ulaşılmıştır. Duygusal ve davranışsal sorunların saptan-ması için Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketinin (GGA) Arapça formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Örneklem 33 kız, 20 erkek çocuk ve ergenden oluşmaktaydı. Yaş ortalaması 12.3±1.5 yıl, kampta bulunma süreleri 11.3±2.1 ay olarak saptan-dı. Çocukların ortalama kardeş sayısı 3.9±1.8'di. Babaların %60.4’ü, annelerin %67.9’u ya ilkokul mezunu ya da daha düşük eğitimliydi. Çocukların %88.7’si en az bir yakınını kaybettiğini veya ondan haber alamadığını, %58.0’i silah veya patlama sesi duyduğunu, %39.6’sı ölmüş veya yaralanmış birini gördüğünü bildirdi. GGA'da, çocukların %26.4’ünün duygusal sorun, %22.6’sının akran sorunları, %18.8’inin hiperaktivite belirtileri ve %15.0’inin davranış sorunu puanları eşik değerlerin üzerinde bulundu. On beş (%28.3) çocuğun toplam zorluk puanı eşik değerin üstün-de bulundu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları, sığınmacı çocuk ve ergenlerin çok sayıda travmatik olay yaşadıklarını ve bu grupta duygusal ve davranışsal sorunların önemli bir oranda olduğunu göstermiştir. Mülteci çocuk ve ergenle-re yönelik yardım ve destek programlarında ruhsal-toplumsal destek birimlerine mutlaka yer verilmesi önerilmekte-dir. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2018; 19(4):419-426)

Emotional and behavioral problems seen among a group of children and adolescents living in a refugee camp in Turkey

Objective: It is well-known that refugee children are under risk of psychiatric problems as a consequence of adverse events experienced in the pre and post-migration period. It is estimated that, as the leading country hosting re-fugees, approximately 1.4 million refugee children are living in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate emotional and behavioral problems seen among Yazidi children and adolescents who settle in a refugee camp in Turkey. Meth-ods: The researcher contacted the volunteers of the transient education center situated in the camp and reached children attending the center as well as their families. The emotional and behavioral problems were investigated using Arabic form of Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Our sample consisted of 33 female and 20 male children and adolescents. The mean age was 12.3±1.5 years. The mean residency time in camp was 11.3±2.1 months. The mean number of siblings was 3.9±1.8. 60.4% of fathers and 67.9% of mothers were primary school graduate or less educated. Majority of the children (88.7%) reported that they lost a relative or could not get any information about at least one of them, 58.0% stated they heard the sound of gunshot or explosion, while 39.6% reported they saw the body of a dead or injured person. SDQ scores were higher than threshold for emotional prob-lem in 26.4%, peer problems in 22.6%, hyperactivity problems in 18.8% and conduct problem in 15.0% of children. Total difficulty scores of 15 (28.3%) children were also higher than cut-off value. Conclusion: Results of the study showed that refugee children and adolescents had exposed to many traumatic events and emotional and behavioral problems might be seen in a significant proportion of this group. It is highly recommended to provide psychosocial support in the help and care programs targeting child and adolescent refugees. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2018; 19(4):419-426)

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