Loss, grief and depression: potential risk factors in grief-related depression

Objective: The present study investigates the association of depression with grief-related risk factors among bereaved individuals. Methods: The data were collected from 161 bereaved individuals who lost a first-degree rela- tive or a partner within the past six months. A highly semi-structured interview conducted to collect the data across several domains, including demographic variables, the relationship with deceased, the mode of death, past-trauma- tic experiences, and general life stressors. The Beck Depression Scales was used to gather depression scores. Chi-square tests (with continuity correction for 2x2 tables) were used to examine for possible differences in the categorical variables, and multiple regression analysis was used to examine the grief-related risk factors for depres- sion. Results: Factors such as sudden death, conflicted relationship with the deceased, witnessing the death of a loved one, and receiving social support have been associated with mourning depression. Frequency of depression was significantly more prevalent in participants who lost a loved one suddenly, had negative relationship with deceased and had a lack of family and social support. The frequency of depression was found higher in females. Conclusion: The conflict resolutions play a significant role in coping with grief and related psychopathology. The clinical treatment methods need to address these issues and ought to emphasize the use of social support in treating grief-related depression. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2019; 20(2):159-165)

Kayıp, yas ve depresyon: Yasa bağlı depresyonda potansiyel risk etkenleri

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yas tutan kişiler arasında depresyon yası ile ilişkili etkenleri araştırmaktadır. Yöntem: Veriler, son altı ay içinde birinci derece akrabasını veya eşini kaybeden 161 yaslı bireyden toplanmıştır. Demografik değiş- kenler, ölen kişiyle ilişki biçimi, ölüm şekli, geçmiş-travmatik deneyimler, genel yaşam stresörleri dahil olmak üzere birçok alanda verileri toplamak için yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme yapılmıştır. Depresyon puanlarını toplamak için Beck Depresyon Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Kategorik değişkenlerdeki olası farklılıkları incelemek için ki-kare testleri (2x2 tablo için süreklilik düzeltmesi) kullanılmış ve depresyon için yasa bağlı risk etkenlerini incelemek için çoklu regres- yon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Ani ölüm, çatışmalı ilişki, sevilen birinin ölümüne tanık olma ve sosyal destek alma yas depresyonu ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Depresyon sıklığı, sevilen birini aniden kaybeden, ölen kişi ile çatışmalı ilişkisi olan, aile ve sosyal desteği az olan katılımcılarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Çatışma çözümleri, yasa bağlı psikopatolojiyle baş etmede önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Klinik tedavi yöntemlerinin, bu konu- lara değinmesi ve yasa bağlı depresyonun tedavisi için sosyal desteğin kullanımını vurgulaması gerekmektedir. (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2019; 20(2):159-165)

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