Tijen ACARKAN, Demet ERDOĞAN, Mehtap KACAR

Covid-19 ile Mücadelede Akciğer ve Bağırsak Mikrobiyotalarının Rolü

İlk defa 2019 Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde görülen ve kısa sürede bir salgına neden olan COVID-19 11 Mart 2020'de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından küresel salgın olarak ilan edilmiştir. Hastalık özellikle bağışıklık sistemi problemleri başta olmak üzere diyabet, kalp hastalıkları gibi diğer kronik hastalıkları olan kişilerde ciddi bir klinik seyir göstermektedir. Virüslere karşı savunmada immün sistemin fonksiyonları ve modülasyonu son derece önemlidir. Birçok araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, doğal immün sistemi güçlendirmenin yollarından biri de bağırsak mikrobiyotasını dengelemektir. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar akciğer mikrobiyotası ile bağırsak mikrobiyotasının ilişkili olduğunu ve mikrobiyota dengesinin viral solunum yolu hastalıklarının önlenmesi ve savunmasında önemli olabileceğini göstermektedir. COVID-19’a karşı etkin bir tedavi ve aşı geliştirmek için tüm Dünya’da bilim adamları yoğun olarak çalışmaktadır, ancak henüz kesin tedavisi ya da aşısı bulunamamıştır. Covid-19 hastalığı sürecinde fonksiyonel tıp bakış açısıyla fizyopatolojik mekanizmalara yönelik geliştirilecek yeni profilaktik yaklaşımlar ve tedavi protokollerine ihtiyaç vardır. Bağırsak ve akciğer mikrobiyotaların düzenlenmesinin immün sistemi güçlendirerek korunmada önemli olabileceği, yanı sıra tedavi protokollerinde bir tedavi hedefi olarak yer alabileceğini ileri sürülmektedir. COVID-19 salgını, sağlıklı yaşam, sağlığın korunması, güçlendirme ve bağışıklık sistemi modülasyonu gibi profilaktik yaklaşımların önemini bir kez daha göstermiştir. Mikrobiyota kaynaklarının nasıl elde edilip kullanılacağı, mikrobiyota düzenleyici-destekleyici ürünlerin uygulamasının standardizasyonu ve beslenmenin düzenlenmesinin tedavideki rolü gibi pek çok konuda ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Koronavirus, COVID-19, akciğer mikrobiyotası, bağırsak mikrobiyotası, immunite

The Role of Lung and Gut Microbiota in The Combat Against COVID-19

COVID-19 initially seen in Wuhan China in December 2019 became an epidemic very rapidly and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The disease presents as a serious clinical course in people with other chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, especially immune system problems. Functions and modulation of the immune system are extremely important in defense against viruses. According to the results of multiple types of research, one of the methods to boost the innate immune system is to balance gut microbiota. Recent studies have shown that lung microbiota and gut microbiota are interrelated and microbiota balance may be important in the prevention of and defense against viral airway diseases. Scientists make great effort worldwide to develop an effective treatment or vaccine against COVID-19, but no cure or vaccine for COVID-19 has been found yet. For COVID-19 disease innovative prophylactic approaches and treatment protocols based on functional medicine perspective and directed towards pathophysiological mechanisms are needed. It’s assumed that regulation of gut and lung microbiota may be important in the prevention of the disease by boosting the immune system and also may be included in treatment protocols as a therapeutic target. COVID-19 pandemic has shown once more the importance of preventive approaches like wellness, maintenance of healthy living, immune system boosting, and modulation. Further advanced researches are needed on subjects such as provision and use of microbiota sources, standardization of administration of microbiota regulating-supplementing products, and role of diet regulation in the treatment.

Keywords:

Coronavirus, COVID-19, lung microbiota, gut microbiota, immunity,

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