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ABD'de 'Progressivism' Hareketi ve Woodrow Wilson'un Kurucu Babalar'a İtirazı

20.yy'ın başlarında Batı dünyası, klasik liberalizmin ögretileriyle endüstriyel toplumun yarattığı sosyal soruna yanıt veremediğini fark etti. Bu farkındalık kuramsal ve pratik düzeyde kapsamlı bir hesaplaşmanın fitilini ateşledi ve liberalizm hemen her ülkede yeniden yorumlanmak durumunda kaldı. Bu hesaplaşma İngiltere'de, New Liberalism, Fransa'da Solidarism adı altında gerçekleşirken, ABD'de ise progressivism (İlerlemecilik) olarak yaşandı. Ancak İlerlemecilik ABD örneğini diğer iki ülkeden farklılaştıran bir başka hat üzerinden de gelişti. Zira bu ülkede hesaplaşma Woodrow Wilson'un öncülüğünde kurucu babaların felsefesi üzerinden, anayasal sistemi de içine alacak şekilde genişledi. Bu nedenle Wilson'un Kurucu Babalar'a getirdiği eleştirilerin incelenmesi hem İlerlemeciliğin tabiatını anlamada, hem de Amerikan Liberalizmi'nin dönüşümünü takip edebilmede verimli bir hat sunmaktadır.

The 'Progressivism' Movement in USA and Woodrow Wilson's Objection to Founding Fathers

In the early 20th century, West recognized that classic liberalism could not respond to social question, which arose from industrial society. This awareness triggered a comprehensive questioning of the liberal ideas at the practical and theoretical level, which resulted in the reinterpretation of liberalism almost in all states. While this reinterpretation has been called New Liberalism in England, and solidarism in France, it has been named as progressivism in the USA. However, progressivism proceeded in a unique way that differentiated the U.S. experience from the two other models. Led by Woodrow Wilson, this reinterpretation in the USA was expanded to include the country's constitutional system and posed a challenge to the philosophy of founding fathers. Due to this, the investigation of Wilson's objections to the ideas of the founding fathers will provide a fertile ground to understand both the nature of progressivism and the transformation of American Liberalism.

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