Türkiye’de İnsan Hakları Temelli Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ve Mobilizasyon Stratejileri: Gözlemleyici, Norm-Dönüştürücü ve Kanun Yapıcı Bir Sivil Toplum İdeali

İnsan hakları alanında sosyal hareketlerden ve taban örgütlerinden barolara, iş derneklerine ve gayriresmî iletişim ağlarına kadar uzanan çeşitli aktörler bulunmaktadır. İnsan hakları alanında en etkin aktörlerden biri olan sivil toplum kuruluşları (STK) hem ulusal hem de uluslararası düzeylerde insan haklarının tesisi, korunması ve geliştirilmesi için dünya çapında çeşitli işlevler görmektedir. Bu çalışma, insan hakları temelli STK’lar üzerinden, Türkiye’deki sivil toplum faaliyetlerinin ve mobilizasyon stratejilerinin sistematik bir incelemesini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Glasius’un sınıflandırmasından yararlan bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki STK’ların, insan hakları gözlemcisi ve norm-dönüştürücü olarak seslerini duyurabilseler dahi, kanun yapıcı aktörler olarak bu hakların tesisinde ve korunmasında yetersiz kaldıkları savunulmaktadır. İnsan hakları STK’ları izlemede isim zikretme ve utandırma ve yargısal savunuculuk stratejilerini kullanırken, norm dönüşümünde çerçevelemeyi, kanun yapımında ise savunuculuk stratejileri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, içerik analiz yöntemini kullanarak STK’ların belgelerine odaklanmakta ve Türkiye’deki insan hakları ve sivil toplum ilişkisini inceleyerek akademik tartışmalara katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sivil Toplum, İnsan Hakları, Türkiye, İnsan Hakları Faaliyetleri, Mobilizasyon Stratejileri

Human Rights Organizations and Mobilisation Strategies in Turkey: Ideal of Civil Society as Monitors, Norm-Shifters, and Law-Makers

Various players in the human rights arena range from social movements and grassroots organizations to bar associations, business associations, and informal networks. As one of the most influential actors, civil society organizations (CSOs) perform multiple functions for establishing, protecting, and advancing human rights at the national and international levels. This study aims to examine the activities and mobilization strategies of human rights organizations in Turkey. Drawing on the work of Glasius, I argue that even though Turkish domestic human rights organizations have been vocal as human rights monitors and norm shifters, they remain marginal actors as lawmakers in promoting and protecting human rights. While human rights organizations use naming and shaming and litigation strategies in human rights monitoring, framing is commonly used in norm-shifting, and advocacy strategies are used in law-making. This study focuses on documents of CSOs by using the content analysis method and contributes to academic discussions by examining the relationship between human rights and civil society in Turkey.

Keywords:

Civil Society, Human Rights, Turkey, Human Rights Activities, Mobilisation Strategies,

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