Su Güvenliği Bağlamında Nil Havzası Girişimi’nin (NHG) İklim Değişikliğine Yönelik Uyum ve Azaltım Stratejileri

İklim değişikliği, insanoğlunun karşılaştığı en önemli sorunlardan biri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu nedenle iklim değişikliğine yönelik acil çözümler küresel siyaset gündemini meşgul etmiştir. Kyoto Protokolü ve Paris İklim Anlaşması önemli gelişmeler olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bölgesel örgütler de iklim değişikliğinin ele alınmasında önemli rol oynamışlardır. Bu bağlamda, 1999’da kurulan Nil Havzası Girişimi (NHG) genellikle bölgedeki adil su paylaşımı, kullanımı ve yönetimi ile ilgilenmiş olsa da, iklim değişikliği ve bunun havzadaki su, gıda ve enerji güvenliği üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini de gündemine almıştır. Bu nedenle, NHG’nin yeni oluşturulan stratejileri çoğunlukla su güvenliği temelinde iklim değişikliğine uyum ve azaltım konularını içermektedir. Bununla birlikte NHG’nin bu politikalarının yeterince başarılı olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, NHG tarafından yayınlanan politika belgeleri, dokümanlar ve raporlar ile üye devletlerin politikaları üzerinden söz konusu başarısızlığın nedenlerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Su Güvenliği, İklim Değişikliği, Nil Havzası Girişimi (NHG), Uyum ve Azaltım Stratejileri

Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) In the Context of Water Security

The Climate Change is seen as one of the most significant problems experienced by human being. Therefore, emergent solutions for the climate change have occupied the agenda of global politics. Kyoto Protocol and Paris Climate Agreement are regarded significant developments. However, regional organizations have also played significant role to address the climate change. In this regard, the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), established in 1999, has generally been concerned about equitable water sharing, utilization and management in the region; however, it has also dealt with the climate change and its negative impacts on water, food and energy security in the basin. Therefore, NBI’s newly formulated strategies mostly focus on climate change adaptation and mitigation based on water security. However, it is observed that these policies of the NBI have not been sufficiently successful. In this context, this paper aims to analyze reasons for the failure through policy papers, documents and reports published by the NBI and the policies of the member states.

Keywords:

Water Security, Climate Change, Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies,

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