HUMAN TERRITORIALITY: A SPATIAL CONTROL STRATEGY

Human interactions have a spatial character. People have always tried to form their own geographical areas to create convenient living space conditions. Therefore, they claim control and ownership over certain areas for that purpose. In this context, human territoriality is one of the most distinct human activities aiming to establish a stabilized spatial order. People forge various territories on different scales, ranging from local to global. The world is highly compartmentalized, and each compartmentalization has distinct features. Territoriality is predominantly attributed to modern sates. It is a fact that modern state is the most visible manifestation of political/social territoriality in the world. However, territorial actions and forms are not just peculiar to modern states. There are many different territorial forms. These forms regulate social interactions among individuals and organizations. Private, home, public or interactive territories carry certain messages in practical life. This study deals with the roots of human territorial behaviour patterns. Human territoriality is a significant part of both human and political geography but it is also analysed in terms of biology and anthropology. Although there are many overlapping statements among these study fields, they draw on different assumptions. The main aim of the study is to prove that human territoriality is a prevalent spatial and regulating strategy in various geographical scales of societal life.

BEŞERİ TERİTORYALİTE: MEKÂNSAL BİR KONTROL STRATEJİSİ

Beşeri etkileşimler mekânsal bir karaktere sahiptir. İnsanlar kendi coğrafi alanlarını düzenleyerek uygun yaşam koşulları oluşturmaya çalışırlar. Bu bakımdan belli alanlar üzerinde, bu amacı gerçekleştirmeye yönelik olarak kontrol ve sahiplik kurma iddiasında bulunurlar. Bu bağlamda beşeri teritoryalite, istikrarlı bir kontrol ve aynı zamanda düzen oluşturmaya yönelik beşeri faaliyetler arasında en belirgin olanlardan biridir. İnsanlar, mahalliden küresele giden farklı ölçeklerde çeşitli teritoryalar tanzim ederler. İçinde bulunduğumuz dünya kompartımanlara ayrılmıştır ve her bir kompartıman kendine özgü niteliklere sahiptir. Teritoryalite ağırlıklı olarak modern devletlere atfedilir. Açıktır ki modern devlet, siyasi ve sosyal açından teritoryalitenin en baskın görüngülerinden biridir. Ancak teritoryal eylemler ve formlar yalnızca modern devletlere özgü değildir ve farklı formlar vardır. Özel, evsel, kamusal, ya da interaktif mekânlar teritoryal bir nitelik alabilmektedir. Çalışmada beşeri teritoryal davranış kalıplarının temelleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Beşeri teritoryalite hem beşeri coğrafyanın hem de siyasi coğrafyanın temel araştırma alanlarından biridir; ancak aynı zamanda biyoloji ve antropoloji açısından da ele alınmaktadır. Her ne kadar bu disiplinler arasında beşeri teritoryaliteye ilişkin örtüşen önermeler olsa da söz konusu disiplinler farklı varsayımlar üzerinden analizlerde bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel amacı beşeri teritoryalitenin, toplumsal hayatın pek çok veçhesinde görülebilecek yaygın bir mekânsal ve düzenleyici strateji olduğunu ortaya koymaktır.

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