BİR SÜREÇ OLARAK HOŞNUTSUZLARIN ÇEVRECİLİĞİ: HİNDİSTAN’DAN SARDAR SAROVAR BARAJI ÖRNEĞİ

Devlet-piyasa-toplum-doğa arasındaki güç ilişkilerinin yeniden belirlendiği neo-liberal dönemde çevre hareketleri, katılımcıları açısından çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Arsel, Akbulut ve Adaman, çevre hareketlerinin sınıflandırmasını “zenginlerin çevreciliği” ve “yoksulların çevreciliği” ayrımının ötesine taşıyan “hoşnutsuzların çevreciliği” kavramını literatüre kazandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada amaç, “hoşnutsuzların çevreciliği” kavramını yeniden değerlendirmektir. Çalışma, Hindistan’daki Sardar Sarovar Barajı’na karşı ortaya çıkan çevreci hareketin katılımcılarını nitel araştırma yöntemlerini kullanarak incelemektedir. Hindistan’da gerçekleştirilen saha çalışması esnasında veriler hem toplu ve bireysel görüşme hem de katılımsız gözlem metotları kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmada, çevre hareketlerinin, katılımcılarını dönüştürdüğü bir süreç olarak ele alınması durumunda, “hoşnutsuzların çevreciliği” kavramının, sadece orta sınıf özelliklerini taşıyan grup için değil, çevre hareketine katılan tüm gruplar için kullanılabileceği savlanmaktadır.

ENVIRONMENTALISM OF THE MALCONTENT AS A PROCESS: THE EXAMPLE OF SARDAR SAROVAR DAM FROM INDIA

In the neoliberal era, which redefines the power relations among the state-market-society-nature, the environmental movements differ in terms of their participants. Arsel, Akbulut and Adaman created the concept of “environmentalism of the malcontent” that moves beyond the distinction between the “environmentalism of the rich,” and the “environmentalism of the poor”. The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate the concept of the “environmentalism of the malcontent”. The study was undertaken by evaluating the participants of the environmental movement against the Sardar Sarovar Dam, located on the Narmada River in India, by undertaking qualitative research methods. Data is collected through individual and group interviews, and non-participant observation method during the field trip undertaken in India. In the article, it is argued that if the environmental movements are elaborated as a process which have transformative effects on its participants, the concept of the “environmentalism of the malcontent” can be used to define the environmentalism of not only the ones with the middle-class qualities, but also that of other groups in the environmental movement.

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