Günlük Hayattaki İlişkilerimiz Yabancılara Güvenimizi Nasıl Etkiler? Teori ve Yirmi Yedi Demokrasiden Bulgular

Kişiler arası güven, demokratik toplumlarda vatandaşların siyasete aktif katılımları için gerekli olan iş birliği normlarını geliştirdiği için önemlidir. Günlük ilişkiler, kişiler arası güven belirteçlerinden bir tanesidir. Çalışmaların bir çoğu bu ilişkileri, genellikle, aile, iş arkadaşı ya da komşularla ilişkiler gibi, grup seviyesinde ölçülen değişkenlerle analiz eder. Bu çalışma, kişilerin sahip olduğu ilişkilerin yapısı- güçlü ya da zayıf bağların sayısı- ve içeriğinin-bu bağların kendini ifade etme ya da araçsal sebeplerle mobilize edilmesi- kişiler arası güveni daha iyi açıkladığını öne sürmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın temel amacı kişiler arası güvenin ilişkisel temellerini bağ seviyesinde ölçülen verileri kullanarak araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, 2001 yılında Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Programı’nın (USBP) sosyal ağlar üzerine yaptığı anket verisi kullanılmıştır. Bu veri, hipotezlerin uluslararası bir perspektifle değerlendirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Analiz, güç ve zenginlik için mobilize edilen akrabalık ilişkileri ile duygusal destek için mobilize edilen aile ve akrabalık bağı dışında oluşan ikincil ilişkilerin, kişiler arası güveni pozitif ve anlamlı şekilde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular ışığında, sosyal sermaye literatürünün günlük ilişkiler ve kişiler arası güven arasında öngördüğü nedenselliğin kavramsal tartışması tekrar ele alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kişiler arası güven, bağlayıcı sosyal sermaye, köprü kurucu sosyal sermaye, bağ-seviyesinde veri, multinomial logit analizi

How do Our Relations in Everyday Life Influence Our Trust in Strangers? Theory and Evidence From Twenty-Seven Democracies

Generalized trust is important in democratic societies because it fosters co-operative norms which matter for citizen’s-level activism. Individual’s daily social interactions are among the significant determinants of generalized trust. Yet studies often measure social interactions at the group level such as those with the family, colleagues and the neighbors. Present study suggests that rather than group level relations, individual’s both the structure- the extent of the weak and the strong ties-, and the content- whether they are mobilized for expressive action or instrumental action- of informal relations provide better explanations for generalized trust. Thus, the main objective of this study is to explore the relational foundations of generalized trust with individual level tie-based data. For this purpose, the study counts on International Social Science Program’s (ISSP) survey of 2001 on social networks; hence the hypotheses are tested within a comparative cross-country perspective. The analysis suggests positive and significant influence of the kinship ties, which are mobilized for power and wealth and the non-kinship ties, which are mobilized for emotional support, on generalized trust. These findings, in turn, invite for a re-consideration of the conceptual discussion social capital literature posits between informal social relations and generalized trust.

Keywords:

Generalized trust, bonding social capital, bridging social capital, tie-level data, multinomial logistic regression,

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