Egzersiz Bağımlılığı ve Sosyal Karşılaştırma: İşitme Engelli ve İşitme Engelli Olmayan Bireyler Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Bu çalışmada, işitme engelli ve işitme engelli olmayan bireylerin egzersiz bağımlılık düzeylerin sosyal karşılaştırmaya etkisini farklı değişkenlere göre karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmamızda, katılımcıların egzersiz bağımlılığı düzeylerini ölçmek amacıyla Tekkurşun-Demir, et al. tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan “egzersiz bağımlılığı ölçeği” ve Allan & Gilbert, tarafından geliştirilen “sosyal karşılaştırma ölçeği” en son Türkçeye uyarlanmış haliyle kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında ise Google Forms üzerinden hazırlanan elektronik anket yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde STATA 14.1 paket programı aracılığıyla değişkenler farklılıkların incelenmesinde One-Way ANOVA, değişkenler arası ilişkiler incelenirken Korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Kayseri bölgesinde yaşayan ve okuyan toplam 172 gönüllü çalışmamıza katılım göstermiştir. İşitme engeli olmayan ve işitme engelli bireyler için sosyal karşılaştırma düzeyi ile aşırı odaklanma/duygu değişimi ve tolerans/tutku alt boyutlarında sağlıklı bireyler için anlamlı bir fark varken (P 0.05). Karşılaştırılan her iki grup için sosyal karşılaştırma düzeyi ve bireysel ve sosyal ihtiyaçların ertelenmesi/çatışma değişkenleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir (P>0.05). Sağlıklı bireyler için yapılan korelasyon analizine ilişkin sonuçların ANOVA analizinde elde edilen sonuçları desteklediği görülmüştür (P>0.05). İşitme engelli bireyler için yapılan korelasyon analizinde, egzersiz bağımlılığı ölçeğinin alt boyutlarından biri olan aşırı odaklanma ve duygu değişimi ile sosyal karşılaştırma arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki gözlenmiştir (P

Exercise Addiction and Social Comparison: A Research on Hearing-Impaired and Non-Hearing-Impaired Individuals

This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of exercise addiction levels of hearing impaired and non-hearing impaired individuals on social comparison according to different variables. In our study, the "exercise addiction scale" adapted into Turkish by Tekkurşun-Demir et al., (2018) was used in order to measure the exercise addiction levels of the participants and the "social comparison scale" developed by Allan & Gilbert (1995), was used in its latest adaptation to Turkish. In the collection of data, the electronic survey method prepared over Google Forms was preferred. In the analysis of the data obtained through the STATA 14.1 package program, One-Way ANOVA was used to examine the differences of variables, and Pearson Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between variables. A total of 172 volunteers living and studying in the Kayseri region of Turkey participated in our study. While there was a significant difference (P 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the social comparison level and the postponing of individual and social needs / conflict variables for both groups compared (P> 0.05).It was determined that the results of the correlation analysis for non-hearing impaired individuals supported the results obtained in the ANOVA analysis (P> 0.05). In the correlation analysis for hearing impaired individuals, between excessive focus and emotional change, which is one of the sub-dimensions of the exercise addiction scale, and social comparison, positive and statistically significant relationship was determined (P

___

  • Abdulrahman, S. O., Razak, M. R. A., Yasin, M. H. M., & Dauwed, M. (2019). Physical activity measurement for hearing impairments in different age level. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 8(5), 29-35.
  • Allan, S., & Gilbert, P. A. (1995). Social Comparison Scale: Psychometric properties and relationship to psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(3), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00086-L
  • Adams, J., & Kirkby, R. J. (2002). Excessive exercise as an addiction: A review. Addiction Research and Theory, 10(5), 415- 437. https://doi.org/10.1080/1606635021000032366
  • Backenroth-Ohsako, G. A. M., Wennberg, P., & Klinteberg, B. A. (2003). Personality and work life: A comparison between hearing ımpaired persons and normal hearing population. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 31(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.2.191
  • Bamber, D., Cockerill, I. M., & Carroll, D. (2000). The pathological status of exercise dependence. Br J Sports Med., 34(2), 125–132. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.2.125
  • Barboza, C. F. S., Ramos A. S. L., Abreu, P. A., & Castro, H. C. (2019). Physical education: adaptations and benefits for deaf students. Creative Education, 10(4), 714-725. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.104053
  • Bardel, M. H., Fontayne, P., Colombel, F., & Schiphof, L. (2010). Effects of match result and social comparison on sport state self-esteem fluctuations. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(3), 171-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.01.005
  • Basson, R. (2001). Human sex-response cycles. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 27(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926230152035831
  • Başoğlu, U. D. (2018). Exercise addiction: A comparison between the individuals who exercise for physical recreation and who receive personal exercise training. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(12), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12.3604
  • Bavlı, Ö., Kozanoğlu M. E., & Doğanay, A. (2011). Düzenli egzersize katılımın egzersiz bağımlılığı üzerine etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 13(2), 150-153.
  • Berczik, K., Szabo, A., Griffiths, M., Kurimay, T., Kun, B., Urbán, R., & Demetrovics, Z. (2012). Exercise addiction: Symptoms, diagnosis, epidemiology and etiology. Substance Use and Misuse, March, 47(4), 403-417. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2011.639120
  • Bısgın, H., & Ustun, U. D. (2013). Analysis of elite male wrestlers’ social comparison levels according to socio- demographic backgrounds. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 15(3), 60-63.
  • Bircher, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kasos, K., Demetrovics, Z., & Szabo, A. (2017). Exercise addiction and personality: A two-decade systematic review of the emprical literature (1995-2016). Baltıc Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 3(106), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v3i106.30
  • Brakel, T. (2014). The effects of social comparison ınformation on cancer survivors quality of life. A field-experimental intervention approach. University of Groningen, Netherlands, p.27-65
  • Brokane, L., & Zaiceva, I. (2011). Socialization problems among hearing-impaired children at special primary school establishment. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 12, 362-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.02.045
  • Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.09.007
  • Çakın, G., Juwono, I. D., Potenza, M. N., & Szabo, A. (2021). Exercise addiction and perfectionism: A systematic review of the literature. Current Addiction Reports, Springer, 8(4),144-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00358-8
  • Duyan, M., & Günel, İ. (2021). Exercise addiction of individuals receiving sports services and analysis of social appearance anxiety levels. African Educational Research Journal, 9(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.91.20.222
  • Egorov, A. Y., & Szabo, A. (2013). The exercise paradox: An interactional model for a clearer conceptualization of exercise addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(4), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.4.2
  • Erdemli, A. (2002). Temel sorunlarıyla spor felsefesi. E Yayınları. Özener Matbaası, Kasım, İstanbul
  • Erkmen, G., & Aşçı, F. H. (2016). Relationships among perceived body appearance, social physique anxiety, physical self-concept, and dispositional flow state of exercise participants. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 18(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.77952
  • Fox, K. R., & Lindwall, M. (2014). Self-esteem and self-perceptions in sport and exercise. Papaioannou, A.G., Hackfort, D., (Eds.), Companion to Sport and Exercise Psychology Global Perspectives and Fundamental Concepts, Chapter 3, Routledge: London
  • Freimuth, M., Moniz, S., & Kim, S. R. (2011). Clarifying exercise addiction: Differential diagnosis, co-occurring disorders and phases of addiction. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health. Oct., 8(10), 4069-4081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8104069
  • Granberg, S. (2015). Functioning and Disability in Adults with Hearing Loss. Preparatory Studies in The ICF Core Sets for Hearing Loss Project, Publisher: Örebro University, Sweden
  • Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A., & Gorelick, D. A. (2010). Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2010.491884
  • Hausenblas, H. A., & Downs, D. S. (2002). Exercise dependence: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3(2), 89-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(00)00015-7
  • Ho, M. S. H., Appleton, P. R., Cumming, J., & Duda, J. L. (2015). Examining the relationship between perfectionism dimensions and burning out symptoms in deaf and hearing athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 9(2), 156-172. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2014-0035
  • Hoffman, M. F., Quittner, A. L., & Cejas, I. (2015). Comparisons of social competence in young children with and without hearing loss: A dynamic systems framework. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 20(2):115-124. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enu040
  • Jee, Y. S. (2016). Exercise addiction and rehabilitation. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(2),67-68 https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1632604.302
  • Klein, M., Fröhlich, M., & Emrich, E. (2017). Self-concept in adolescents-relationship between sport participation, motor performance and personality traits. Sports, 5(22), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5020022
  • Konar, N., & Akyol, B. (2017). Comparison of self-esteem and body image of hearing impaired wrestlers and non-wrestlers hearing impaired. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 19(1), 137-142
  • Korkmaz, M., ve Uslu, T. (2020). Fitness yapan bireylerin benlik saygısı, sosyal görünüş kaygısı ve sosyalleşme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 4(3), 1-18.
  • Kula, H., Ayhan, C., Kaçay, Z., Soyer, A., & Soyer, F. (2020). Perceived health outcomes of recreation and exercise addiction: A study on individuals exercising for recreational purposes. International Journal of Human Sciences, 17(3), 831-839. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i3.6027
  • Kurkova, P., Valkova, H., & Scheetz, N. (2011). Factors impacting participation of european elite deaf athletes in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences. March 15th., 29(6), 607-618.https://doi.org /10.1080/02640414.2010.548821
  • Landolfi, E. (2013). Exercise addiction. Sports Med., 43(2), 111-119. https://doi.org /10.1007/s40279-012-0013-x
  • Lodovico, L. D., Dubertret, C., & Ameller, A. (2018). Vulnerability to exercise addiction, socio-demographic, behavioral and psychological characteristics of runners at risk for eating disorders, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 81, 48-52. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.006
  • Manea, M. M., Milea, B. S., & Câmpean, A. (2018). Problematic exercise a new behavioral addiction. Palestrica of The Third Millennium Civilization and Sport, 19(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.26659/pm3.2018.19.1.37
  • Marques, A., Peralta, M., Sarmento, H., Loureiro, V. B., Gouveia, E. R., & De Matos, M. G. (2019). Prevalence of risk for exercise dependence: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 49(2), 319-330. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s40279-018-1011-4
  • Mousavi-Gilani, S. R., & Dashipour, A. (2017). The effects of physical activity on self-esteem: A comparative study. Int J High Risk Behav Addict., 6(1), e35955. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.35955
  • Mutlu-Bozkurt, T., Tekkurşun-Demir, G., & Dursun, M. (2019). Examination of motivations of physically, hearing and visually impaired athletes. The Journal of International Social Research, 12(67), 721-728. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3760
  • Mylonopoulou, V., Väyrynen, K., & Isomursu, M. (2018). Designing for Behavior Change-6 Dimensions of Social Comparison Features. Proceedings of the 51st. Hawaii International Conferenceon System Sciences. (pp.2866-2875). January, Hawaii, Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/50251
  • Nakip, M., & Yaraş, E. (2016). SPSS Uygulamalı pazarlama araştırmalarına giriş. 5. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara
  • O’Brien, K. S., Caputi, P., Minto, R., Peoples, G., Hooper, C., Kell, S., & Sawley, E. (2009). Upward and downward physical appearance comparisons: development of scales and examination of predictive qualities. Body Image, 6(3), 201-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2009.03.003
  • Olmedılla, A., Ortega Toro, E., & Abenza, L. (2016). Self-concept, sport, and physical activity practice in university students. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 11(4), 415-425. https://doi.org/ 10.14198/jhse.2016.114.02
  • Pila, E., Stamiris, A., Castonguay, A. L., & Sabiston, C. M. (2014). Body-related envy: A social comparison perspective in sport and exercise. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(1), 93-106. https://doi.org /10.1123/jsep.2013-0100
  • Polat, C., & Şimşek, K. Y. (2015). Spor merkezlerindeki bireylerin egzersiz bağımlılığı düzeylerinin incelenmesi: Eskişehir ili örneği. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Eylül, 3(15), 354-369. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.765
  • Savaşır, I., & Şahin, N. H. (1997). Bilişsel-davranışçı terapilerde değerlendirme: Sık kullanılan ölçekler. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. Ankara, 9, 110-113.
  • Schneider, S. M., & Schupp, J. (2014). Individual differences in social comparison and its consequences for life satisfaction: Introducing a short scale of the Iowa–Netherlands comparison orientation measure. Published in Social Indicators Research, 115(2), 767-789. https://doi.org / 10.1007/s11205-012-0227-1
  • Schneider, C., Agthe, M., Yanagida, T., Voracek, M., & Hennig-Fastt, K. (2017). Effects of muscle dysmorphia, social comparisons and body schema priming on desire for social ınteraction: An experimental approach. BMC Psychology, 5(19), 1-9. https://doi.org / 10.1186/s40359-017-0189-9
  • Szabo, A., Frenkl, R., & Caputo, A. (1997). Relationships between addiction to running, commitment to running, and deprivation from running: A study on the internet. European Yearbook of Sport Psychology, 1, 130-147.
  • Szabo, A. (2000). Physical activity and psychological dysfunction. Biddle, S., Fox, K., and Boutcher, S., (Eds), Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being (130-153), Routledge: London,
  • Szabo, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2007). Exercise addiction in British sport science students. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, January, 5(1), 25-28. https://doi.org / 10.1007/s11469-006-9050-8
  • Szabo, A., Griffiths, M. D., De La Vega Marcos, R., Mervo, B., & Demetrovics, Z. (2015). Methodological and conceptual limitations in exercise addiction research. Yale J. Biol Med., 88(3), 303-308.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). MA: Pearson, Boston
  • Thakur, M. B., & Joshi, N. (2016). Analysis of self compassion and self esteem between adolescents engaged in physical exercise in the form of gym with those having sedentary lifestyle. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 11(1), 65-75.
  • Tekkurşun-Demir, G., Hazar, Z., & Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2018). Egzersiz bağımlılığı ölçeği (EBÖ): Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Education Journal, Kastamonu, 26(3), 865-874. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.413383
  • Tekkurşun-Demir, G., & Türkeli, A. (2019). Spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin egzersiz bağımlılığı ve zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 10-24. https://doi.org / 10.25307/jssr.505941
  • Terry, A., Szabo, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2004). The exercise addiction inventory: A new brief screening tool. Addiction Research and Theory, October, 12(5), 489-499. https://doi.org /:10.1080/16066350310001637363
  • Walter, N., & Heinen, T. (2019). Exercise addiction and its relation to psycho-social aspects and motives. Problems of Psychology in The 21st Century, 13(2), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.33225/ppc/19.13.113
  • Williams, D. M. (2008). Exercise, affect, and adherence: An integrated model and a case for self-paced exercise. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30, 471-496. https://doi.org /10.1123/jsep.30.5.471
  • Xu, W., Li, C., & Wang, L. (2020). Physical activity of children and adolescents with hearing impairments: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, June 25, 17(12), 4575. https://doi.org /10.3390/ijerph17124575
  • Yıldız, N. O., Özen, G., & Bostancı, T. G. (2016). The effects of one-day outdoor education on self-efficacy. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 6098-6103. https://doi.org /10.14687/jhs. v13i3.4296
  • Yılmaz, A., Şentürk, U., & Ramazanoğlu, F. (2014). Bedensel engellilerde spor konulu araştırmaların içerik analizi. Spor Yönetimi ve Bilgi Teknolojileri Dergisi, 9(1-2), 28-42.
  • Yılmaz, A., Karakaş, G., Baba-Kaya, H., & Kaçay, Z. (2017). The effects of sportive exercises on physical fitness of children with specific learning disability. Acta Kinesiologica, 11(1), 88-93.
  • Zell, E., & Alicke, M. D. (2009). Self-evaluative effects of temporal and social comparison. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(1), 223-227. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.007
  • Zıpporah, M. M. (2016). Determinants of participation in sport among students with hearing ımpairment in secondary for the deaf in Kenya. A Thesis Submitted To The School of Applied Human Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Award of the Degree of Master of Science (Physical and Health Education) of Kenyatta University: Nairobi
  • Zmijewski, C. F., & Howard, M. O. (2003). Exercise dependence and attitudes toward eating among young adults. Eating Behaviors, 4(2), 181-195. https://doi.org / 10.1016/S1471-0153(03)00022
Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2018
  • Yayıncı: Hasan ŞAHAN