Sosyal Sermaye, Güven ve Belirleyicileri: Bir Panel Analizi

Sosyal sermayenin varlığı ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki olumlu etkisi, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda sosyal bilimcilerin hem fikir olduğu bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sosyal sermaye konusu iki açıdan araştırılmıştır. Birinci bölümde, sosyal sermayenin ne olduğu değerlendirildikten sonra; sosyal sermaye, güven ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini araştıran literatür üzerinde durulmuş, bir sosyal sermaye göstergesi olarak güven ile kişi başı milli gelir ilişkisi Türkiye ve AB ülkeleri için araştırılmıştır. Güvenin gelir üzerinde pozitif etkisi bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde güveni belirleyen faktörler AB ve Türkiye için panel logit yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Sosyal sermayeyi belirleyen en önemli faktör olarak eğitim bulunmuştur.

Social Capital, Trust and Determinants: A Panel Analysis

In recent years, many social scientists agree that social capital is present and positively contributes to economic growth in the light of many studies. This paper investigates social capital in two parts. First part of the study evaluates the social capital in general, reviews the literature on social capital, trust and economic growth relationship and investigates the relationship between trust (as an indicator of social capital) and per capita GDP for EU countries and Turkey. It has been found that trust has a positive effect on income. Second part of the study investigates the determinants of trust in EU and Turkey by employing a panel logit method. It has been found that education is the most important factor in determining social capital.

___

  • ALESINA, A., FERRARA E.L. (2000) The Determinants of Trust, NBER Working Paper 7621.
  • BARRO, R., SALA-I-MARTIN. (1995) Economic Growth, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • BARRO, R. (1997) Determinants of Economic Growth, Cambridge 1997.
  • BEUGELSDIJK S., SCHAIK T. (2005) Social Capital And Growth in European Regions: An Empirical Test, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 21 (2005) 301–324.
  • BEUGELSDIJK, S., GROOT H.L, ve SCHAİK A. (2004) Trust and Economic Growth: A Robustness Analysis, Oxford Economic Papers 56, 118-134.
  • BJØRNSKOV C., SVENDSEN G. T. (2003) Measuring Social Capital – Is There A Single Underlying Explanation?, Working Paper 03-5, Department of Economics Aarhus School of Business
  • BJØRNSKOV C. (2006) How Does Social Trust Affect Economic Growth?, Working Paper 06-2, Department of Economics Aarhus School of Business.
  • COLEMAN, J.S. (1988) Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, American Journal of Sociology 94, S95-S120.
  • COLEMAN, J.S. (1990) The Foundations of Social Theory, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • DEVINE, F., ROBERTS, J.M. (2003) Alternative Approaches to Researching Social Capital: A Comment on Van Deth’s Measuring Social Capital, International Journal of Research Methohodology, Vol 6., No.1, 93-100.
  • DURLAUF S., FATCHAMPS. (2004) Social Capital, NBER Working Paper Series no: 10485.
  • EASTERLY, W., LEVIEN, R. (2001) It is not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and Growth Models, The World Bank Economic Review, 2001/2.
  • FUKUYAMA, F. (1995) Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, The Free Press, New York.
  • FUKUYAMA, F. (1997) Social Capital, Tanner Lecture on Human Values.
  • FUKUYAMA, F. (1998) Asian Values and the Asian Crises, Commentary, 23-27.
  • GARCIA F. P., MARTINEZ L. S., SANTALUCIA V. M., RADOSELOVICS J. F. (2006) Measurement of Social Capital and Growth: An Economic Methodology, Foundation
  • GLAESER E. L., DAVİD I. L., SCHEİNKMAN J. A., SOUTTER C. L. (2000) Measuring Trust, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 115, No. 3. , 811-846.
  • GROOTAERT, C. (2001) Does Social Capital Help The Poor?, The World Bank Social Development Family Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Network, Working Paper No. 10 Local Level Institutions.
  • GROOTAERT C., Van BASTELAERT. (2002) Understanding and Measuring Social Capital: A Multidisciplinary Tool for Practitioners, World Bank Washington DC.
  • GULATI, R. (1998) Alliances and Networks, Strategic Management Journal 19, 293–317.
  • HALL P. (1999) Social capital in Britain, British Journal of Political Science 29, 417–461.
  • HJERPPE, R. (2003) Social Capital and Economic Growth Revisited, VATT Discussion Papers, Helsinki.
  • ISLAM, N. (1995) Growth Empirics: A Panel Data Approach, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 110 (4), 1127-1170.
  • IYER S., KITSON M., TOH B. (2005) Social Capital, Economic Growth and Regional Development, Regional Studies, Vol. 39.8, pp. 1015–1040, November 2005.
  • KNACK, S., KEEFER P.(1997) Does Social Capital have an Economic Pay-Off? A Cross-Country Investigation, Quarterly Journal of Economics 112, 1251-1288.
  • KOSGEB. (2005) Ekonomik Kalkınmada Sosyal Sermayenin Rolü, Ekonomik ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Müdürlüğü.
  • LOURY, G. (1977) A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences, in Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination, P. Wallace and A. LeMund, eds., Lexington: Lexington Books.
  • LONG S.C. (1997) Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables, SAGE Publications Thousand Oaks Londan New Delhi.
  • LUCAS R. E. (1993) Making a Miracle, Econometrica 61, 251–272.
  • MANKIW, N. G., ROMER D. ve WEIL D. N. (1992) A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 107 (2), pp. 407-437.
  • MCKENZIE D. (2004) An Econometric Analysis of IBRD Creditworthiness, International Economic Journal, Vol. 18, No. 4, 427–448.
  • NARAYAN, D., PRİTCHETT L. (1997) Cents and Sociability—Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania, Policy Research Working Paper No. 1796.Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • NOOTEBOOM, B. (1999) Innovation, learning and industrial organization”, Cambridge Journal of Economics 23, 127–150.
  • OLATE, R. (2003) Local Institutions, Social Capital and Capabilities: Challenges for Development and Social Intervention in Latin America, Center For New Institutional Social Sciences Seminars, Washington University, October 29.
  • PUTNAM, R . (1993) Making Democracy Work, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
  • PUTNAM D. R. (1995) Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America, Political Science and Politics, Vol.28, No.4., pp664-683.
  • PUTNAM R. (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon and Schuster, New York.
  • ROBISON L., SCHMID A. ve SILES M. E. (2002) Is Social Capital Really Capital?, Review Of Social Economy, Vol. Lx, No. 1.
  • SABATINI, F. (2005), Social capital as social networks. A new framework for measurement, www.socialcapitalgateway.org. (Erişim: 9 mayıs 2006).
  • SEREGELDIN, I. (1999) Social Capital, Growth And Poverty: A Survey Of Cross country Evidence by Stephan Knack, Social Capital Initiative Working Paper No.7.
  • ROTHE F., SCHÜLER D. (2006) Trust and Economic Growth: A Panel Analysis, Ratio Working Papers 102.
  • SOLOW R. J. (1957) Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function, Review of Economics and Statistics 39, 312–320.
  • TONKISS, FRAN (2000), Trust, Social Capital and Economy. In: Tonkiss, Fran and Andrew Passey: Trust and Civil Society, London 2000, 72-89.
  • WHITELEY, PAUL F. (2000) Economic Growth and Social Capital, Political Studies 48, 443-466.
  • ZAK, P. J., and S. KNACK. (2001) Trust and Growth, The Economic Journal 111, 295-321.
  • ZAHERR A., MCEVILY B., PERRONE V. (1998) Does Trust Matter? Exploring the Effects of Interorganizatıonal and Interpersonal Trust on Performance, Organizational Science, Vol.9, No.2 141-159.