Sanat Müzelerinde Öğretme ve Öğrenme Kuramları ve Bu Kuramların Müze Uygulamalarını Oluşturma Şekillendirme ve Dönüştürmeye Yönelik Etkileri
Günümüze kadar müzelerdeki öğrenme ve öğretme uygulamaları, kuram ve yaratıcı uygulamalardaki pek çok gelişmeye göre şekillenmiş olup, bu gelişmelerden en fazla öne çıkan üç öğrenme modeli (Davranışçı, Yapılandırmacı, Postmodern) bu makalede ele alınmaktadır. Makalede ayrica, sanat müzelerindeki bu kuramların müze uygulamalarını nasıl oluşturduğunu, şekillendirdiğini ve dönüştürdüğünü analiz etmiştir. Davranışçı modelde öğrenme içeriği öğrenciden bağımsız bir şekilde mevcut olup bilgi ve değerler uzman bir öğretici tarafından gerçeklerin, bilginin ve deneyimlerin özümsenmesi süreciyle aktarılır. Yapılandırmacı yaklaşımda ise bilgi ve bilginin nasıl elde edildiği öğrencinin zihnine bağlı olacağı için öğrenme, özünde bireyin anlamlandırmasını içerir. Yani öğrenme sürecinde (bu durumda müzede) öğrenciler halihazırda bildikleri şeylere dayanarak ve dünyayı anlamalarını deneyim kazandıkça yeniden organize ederek sürekli bir şekilde bilgi oluştururlar. Postmodern ve dönüştürücü kuramlara dayanan üçüncü modele göre bilgi sosyal olarak oluşturulur, öğrenme işbirliğine dayalı, sosyal ve açık uçlu bir süreçtir ve bu sürecin merkezinde diyalog yer alır çünkü diyalog öğrencilere bilgiyi paylaşmaları ve sorgulamaları, dolayısıyla risk almaları ve değişmeleri için fırsatlar sunar. Bu modelde müze eğitmenlerinin uzman rolü daha az; diyalog başlatan, fikir ortaya atan ve kendi bilgisini öğrencilerle işbirliği içinde yeniden düzenleyen birlikte öğrenen rolü ise daha fazladır.
Significant Theories of Teaching and Learning in Art Museums, and How They Constitute, Shape, and Transform Museum Practices
The practice of learning and teaching in the museum has been informed by a number of developments in theory and creative practice, the most significant of which are explored in this paper. Specifically, the discussion presents an overview of the museum education literature and describes how these theories constitute, shape, and transform museum practices. The paper first examines the approaches to teaching and learning in art museums based on cognitive and sociocultural theories and then describes how these gave ground to postmodern theories. Subsequently, the discussion moves to transformative theories, particularly those that concentrate on children's development and socialization, because such work also provides additional useful insights into complex adult learning processes.
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- ISSN: 1309-0682
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2008
- Yayıncı: Tayfun Taşbilek